Page 128 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_HINDI

ik'pkR; jktuhfr fopkj

uksV fofy;e rFkk jkuh esjh dk baxyS.M esa Lokxr fd;k x;k vkSj fnlEcj esa tsEl f}rh; us ogka ls Hkkxdj izQkal esa
'kj.k yhA bl izdkj jDrghu ØkfUr iwjh gks x;h vkSj ^fcy vkWiQ jkbV* jktlÙkk dk u;k vfèkdkj i=k ikfyZ;kes.V
}kjk 1689 esa ikfjr dj fn;k x;kA bl vfèkdkj i=k osQ vkèkkj ij jkT; dh lEizHkqrk ikfyZ;kes.V esa fufgr eku
yh x;h vkSj jktk dks mlosQ vèkhu djosQ mlosQ mÙkjkfèkdkj osQ fu;eksa dks fuèkkZj.k dj fn;k x;kA foÙk vkSj lsuk
dks laln osQ vèkhu djosQ mlosQ okf"kZd vfèkos'ku dks vfuok;Z cuk fn;k x;k ftlls Hkfo"; esa dksbZ Hkh jktk mldh
vogsyuk ugha dj losQA f}rh;] gwdj osQ n'kZu ls ykWd vR;fèkd izHkkfor gqvk gSA gwdj dk dguk Fkk fd ljdkj
lkekftd fgr dh izfrfufèk gS vkSj blfy, og leqnk; osQ izfr mÙkjnk;h gSA ykWd }kjk izfrikfnr lgefr dh
vo/kj.kk dk vkèkkj gwdj dk fopkj n'kZu gh gSA r`rh;] gkWCl osQ O;fDroknh fopkjksa us Hkh ykWd dks izHkkfor
fd;k gSA dksbZ Hkh vaxzst fcuk O;fDrxr fgr dh Hkkouk osQ lkekftd fgr dks ekU; ugha djrkA lekt dks O;fDr;ksa
osQ lewg osQ :i esa gh Lohdkj djrs gSa vkSj lkekftd fgr dks O;fDrxr fgrksa dk laxzgA jkT; dh jpuk gkWCl
osQ n'kZu esa O;fDrxr fgr osQ fy, x;hA bl O;fDrxr fgr osQ izyksHku dk laoj.k 'kk;n ykWd Hkh ugha dj ldrs
Fks fo'ks"kdj ,sls ;qx esa tc O;fDr dh mis{kk lekt dj ugha ldrk Fkk vkSj dksbZ Hkh fl¼kar yksxksa dh n`f"V esa
rc rd ekU; ugha gksrk Fkk tc rd O;fDr mlesa viuk futh fgr ns[k ysrk FkkA ykWd osQ fl¼kar dks blhfy,
oqQN yksx gwdj vkSj gkWCl osQ n'kZu dk ;ksx ekurs gSa ;|fi og osQoy bruk gh ugha gSA
tkWu ykWd dh vè;;u i¼fr (Methodology of John Locke)

tgk¡ gkWCl dh i¼fr nk'kZfud] rkfoZQd ,oa fpUrukRed gS] ogka ykWd dh i¼fr vuqHkooknh (Empirical) ,oa
foosdoknh (Rational) gSA mldh ekU;rk gS fd vuqHko Kku dk L=kksr gSA vuqHko osQ fcuk Kku dh dYiuk ugha
dh tk ldrh gSA ykWd osQ vuqlkj euq"; osQ efLr"d esa tUetkr dksbZ fopkj ugha gksrkA tUe osQ le; euq";
dk efLr"d ,d dksjs dkxt dh rjg gksrk gS] tks Hkh fopkj euq"; osQ efLr"d esa mBrs gSa] os vuqHko }kjk gh
mRiUu gksrs gSaA lHkh fopkjksa dh mRifÙk nks L=kksrksa ls gksrh gSμ(1) laosnuk (Sensation) ls vkSj (2) izR;{k cksèk
(Perception) lsA bu L=kksrksa }kjk izkIr vuqHko euq"; osQ efLr"d esa izos'k djrk gS rks cqf¼ }kjk mldk fo'ys"k.k
fd;k tkrk gSA blosQ iQyLo:i tfVy fopkjksa dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA ;s tfVy fopkj Lo;a Kku ugha] cfYd Kku
osQ lkèku gksrs gSaA Kku rc mRiUu gksrk gS tc fd cqf¼ vius fopkjksa dh ijLij rqyuk djrh gSA bl fl¼kar osQ
}kjk ykWd Kku dh mRifÙk osQ foosd ewyd rRo dk izfriknu djrk gSA pwafd fopjksa osQ }kjk Kku gksrk gS vkSj
lHkh fopkjksa dh mRifÙk vuqHko ls gksrh gS] blfy, vuqHko ls ijs fdlh Kku dh dYiuk ugha dh tk ldrh gSA
vius blh fopkj osQ dkj.k ykWd dks vuqHkookn (Empiricism) dk izfriknd dgk tkrk gSA la{ksi esa ykWd dh
vuqHkooknh gksrh gS D;ksafd okLrfod Kku rHkh izkIr gksrk gS tcfd cqf¼ fopkjksa esa ikjLifjd lEcUèkksa dh LFkkiuk
djrh gSA r`rh;] euq"; osQ Kku dk {ks=k mlosQ vKku osQ {ks=k ls cgqr NksVk gksrk gSA ykWd osQ vuqlkj euq"; ,d
llhe izk.kh gS tks bl vuUr vlhe czãk.M dh lHkh ckrksa dks tku ugha ldrk gSA vr,o euq"; dk Kku mlosQ
vKku dh rqyuk esa LoYi gSA
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

1- lgh fodYi dk pquko djsa (Choose the correct options)—
1. tkWu ykWd dk tUe LFkku gSμ
(d) fjaXVu ([k) osLVfeUlVj (x) vkWDliQksMZ (?k) yanu

2. tc baXyS.M esa x`g;q¼ 'kq: gqvk rks ykWd dh vk;q Fkhμ
(d) 10 o"kZ ([k) 12 o"kZ (x) 14 o"kZ (?k) 16 o"kZ
3. tc 1704 esa ykWd dk fuèku gqvk rks mldh vk;q Fkhμ
(d) 65 o"kZ ([k) 70 o"kZ (x) 72 o"kZ (?k) 74 o"kZ

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