Page 15 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_HINDI

bdkbZ—1% IysVks dk thou ifjp;] mldk vkn'kZ jkT; vkSj U;k; dk fl¼kar

fdl izdkj vkRek dk lkgl rRo vkn'kZ jkT; osQ fuekZ.k ,oa laj{k.k esa viuh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA uksV
ftl izdkj IysVks osQ vkn'kZ jkT; osQ fuekZ.k osQ izFke pj.k esa mRiknd oxZ dk mn; gksrk gS mlh izdkj mlosQ
f}rh; pj.k esa lSfud oxZ dk vH;qn; gksrk gSA lSfud oxZ dk eq[; dk;Z ckgjh vkØe.k ls jkT; dh j{kk djuk
,oa vkUrfjd 'kfUr&lqj{kk dk;e djus esa lg;ksx nsuk gSA ;|fi IysVks us lSfud oxZ osQ fodkl dh O;k[;k jkT;
dh vkØe.kdkjh fyIlk osQ lUnHkZ esa dh gS] rFkkfi IysVks dk vkn'kZ jkT; Lo;a vkØked ugha gksrkA vr,o] vkn'kZ
jkT; esa lSfud oxZ dk izeq[k dk;Z j{kkRed gS] vkØked ughaA IysVks us lSfudksa dks izgjh dh laKk nh gS vkSj mudh
rqyuk j[kokyh djus okys oqQÙkksa (watch dogs) ls dh gSA psruk vkSj lkgl muosQ eq[; xq.k gksrs gSaA
vkn'kZ jkT; osQ fuekZ.k dk rhljk pj.k rc izkjEHk gksrk gS tcfd lSfud oxZ esa ls gh IysVks jkT; osQ foosd
(Reason) rRo dk izfrfufèkRo djus okys loksZPp oxZ dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA mlosQ vuqlkj lSfud oxZ osQ yksxksa
esa lkekU;r;k mRlkg (Spirit) rFkk foosd (Reason) ik;k tkrk gS] fdUrq buesa dfri; ,sls O;fDr Hkh gksrs gSa
ftuesa mRlkg dh vis{kk foosd dk vR;fèkd ckgqY; gksrk gS_ ,sls yksxksa dks IysVks us jkT; osQ nk'kZfud 'kkld ekuk
gSA foosd osQ vUrxZr IysVks us nks xq.k ekus gSaA izFke] foosd ls O;fDr dks Kku gksrk gS rFkk f}rh;] foosd gh O;fDr
dks izse djuk fl[kkrk gSaA vr% IysVks osQ vuqlkj 'kkld foosd'khy gksuk pkfg;s ,oa mlesa i;kZIr ek=kk esa Lusg'khyrk
gksuh pkfg;sA
bl izdkj rhu pj.kksa esa jkT; dk fuekZ.k] mu rhu oxks± osQ Øe'k% fodkl osQ lkFk lEi gksrk gS] tks jkT; dh
rhu ewyHkwr vko';drkvksaμ^mRiknu* (Production), ^j{kk* (Defence) rFkk 'kklu (Rule) dh iw£r vius rhu
xq.kksaμ{kqèkk (Appetite), lkgl (Spirit) rFkk foosd (Reason) osQ vkèkkj ij djrs gSaA
vkn'kZ jkT; osQ fuekZ.kd rhu oxZ (Three Major Classes in The Ideal State)

IysVks osQ vuqlkj jkT; dh mRifÙk osQ fodkl pj.kksa eas rhu ,sls oxks± dk fodkl gqvk ftuosQ daèkksa ij vkn'kZ jkT;
dk Hkkj Mkyk tk ldrk gSA IysVks osQ vkn'kZ jkT; dk fuekZ.k djus okys ;s rhu oxZμmRiknd oxZ] lSfud oxZ rFkk
nk'kZfud 'kkld Øe'k% jkT; dh vkRek osQ rhu xq.kkasμ{kqèkk] mRlkg rFkk foosd dk izfrfufèkRo djrs gSaA bueas ls
nks oxks±μlSfud rFkk nk'kZfud 'kkldμdks IywVks us jkT; dk laj{kd (Guardian) ekuk gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS
fd jkT; dk foosd jkT; osQ mRlkg dh lgk;rk ls jkT; osQ laj{kd dh ftEesnkjh dks leqfpr :i ls fuHkk ldrk
gSA IysVks dk ekuuk Fkk fd jkT; osQ bu rhuksa oxks± dks vius xq.kksa osQ vuq:i gh dk;ks± dk lapkyu djuk pkfg,
bl izdkj mlosQ vkn'kZ jkT; dh ,d fo'ks"krk dk;Z foHkktu (division of labour) osQ fl¼kar dh fØ;kRed
mifLFkfr FkhA

vkn'kZ jkT; dh vkèkkjf'kyk % U;k; (Foundation of Ideal State : Justice)

IysVks osQ vuqlkj vkn'kZ jkT; dh vkèkkjf'kyk U;k; osQ fl¼kar ij fVdh gqbZ gSA pwafd vkn'kZ jkT; esa rhu oxZ
gksr gSa vkSj dk;Z foHkktu ,oa fof'k"Vhdj.k dh èkkj.kk osQ vkèkkj ij bu rhuksa oxks± dks viuk&viuk dk;Z nwljs
osQ dk;Z esa gLr{ksi fd;s fcuk djuk gksrk gS_ blfy, U;k; jkT; dk og xq.k gS tks jkT; osQ oxhZdj.k dks rFkk
dk;Z foHkktu dks lqpk# :i ls dk;e j[krk gSA bl xq.k dh mifLFkfr osQ dkj.k gh jkT; osQ fofHk oxZ
vius&vius dk;Z {ks=kksa rd viuh dk;Zokfg;ksa dks lhfer j[krs gq, viuh izkÑfrd {kerk ,oa izf'k{k.k osQ
vkèkkj ij fuf'pr gq, dk;Z dks iwjh rUe;rk ,oa yxu ls lEi djrs gSa ,oa Js"Brk (excellence) dks izkIr
djrs gSaA IysVks dh n`f"V eas og jkT; U;k; ij vkèkkfjr gS ftleas ukxfjd vius&vius fuèkkZfjr {ks=kkas ls vius
ftEes osQ dk;Z lEi djrs gSaA

vkn'kZ jkT; osQ vkèkkjLrEHk % f'k{kk vkSj lkE;okn (The Pillars of Ideal State :
Education and Communism)
;fn U;k; dk fl¼kar vkn'kZ jkT; dh vkèkkjf'kyk gS rks f'k{kk ;kstuk rFkk lkE;oknh O;oLFkk vkn'kZ jkT; osQ

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