Page 176 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_HINDI

ik'pkR; jktuhfr fopkj

uksV xfr FkhA mlosQ ys[kksa dh ik.Mqfyfi;k¡ tks 148 lUnwdksa esa cUn gSa] yUnu fo'ofo|ky; vkSj fczfV'k E;wft;e esa vkt
Hkh lqjf{kr :i ls j[kh gqbZ gSaA mlosQ ys[ku dk {ks=k cM+k O;kid Fkk] fdUrq ys[ku osQ izfr og cM+k ykijokg Hkh
FkkA mlus uhfr'kkL=k] èkeZ'kkL=k] euksfoKku] roZQ'kkL=k] vFkZ'kkL=k] jktuhfrd 'kkL=k] vkfn fo"k;ksa ij xzUFkksa dh jpuk
dhA mldh Ñfr;ksa vkSj lsokvksa ls izHkkfor gksdj lu~ 1792 esa izQkal dh jk"Vªh; lHkk }kjk mls ^izsQUp ukxfjd* dh
lEekutud mikfèk ls foHkwf"kr fd;k x;k] fdUrq baxyS.M us mlosQ fopkjksa dks dksbZ egRo iznku ugha fd;kA iQyr%
izfrfozQ;kLo:i og mxz lqèkkjoknh cuk x;k vkSj jktuhfr esa lfozQ; Hkkx ysrs gq, og vius lqèkkjksa dks dk;kZfUor
djus osQ fy, iz;Ru djus yxkA 6 twu] 1832 dks 84 o"kZ dh vk;q esa yUnu esa mldk fuèku gks x;kA MkW;y osQ
'kCnksa esa] ¶viuh e`R;q osQ i'pkr ,d (mlosQ) f'k"; lewg osQ }kjk og ,d firkeg vkSj vkè;kfRed usrk osQ
:i esa lEekfur fd;k x;kA mldh izfr"Bk ,d nsork dh Hkkafr dh x;h ftldk ls.V iky (f'k";) FkkA¸

lu~ 1789 esa csUFke dh izfl¼ Ñfr ¶uSfrdrk vkSj foèkku fuekZ.k osQ fl¼kar¸
(Principles of Morals and Legislation) dk izdk'ku gqvkA blesa izdV fopkjksa osQ
dkj.k og vykSfdd cqf¼ lEiUu foèkku fuekZrk le>k tkus yxkA

csUFke dh Ñfr;k¡ (Works of benthem)
csUFke vius le; dk egkure~ ys[kd FkkA mlesa fu;fer :i ls fy[kus dh vlkèkkj.k izfrHkk FkhA mlosQ }kjk
fy[ks x;s i`"Bksa dh la[;k ,d yk[k ls Hkh vfèkd gSA mlus dkuwu] roZQ'kkL=k] n.M'kkL=k] uhfr'kkL=k] vkfn fofoèk
fo"k;ksa ij fy[kk] fdUrq ,d Hkh xzUFk iwjk ugha fd;kA og ,d fo"k; ij fy[kuk 'kq: dj nsrk Fkk] fdUrq mlls
mBus okyh ftKklk dks 'kkUr djus osQ fy, igyh iqLrd vèkwjh NksM+dj nwljh iqLrdj fy[kuk 'kq: dj nsrk
FkkA vr% csUFke dh vfèkdka'k Ñfr;k¡ LiqQV fopkj ek=k Fks ftUgsa cksfjx uked fu"Bkoku f'k"; us X;kjg [k.Mksa
esa izdkf'kr fd;kA csUFke dh izeq[k Ñfr;k¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
1- izsQxes.V~l vkWu xouZes.V] 1776 (Fragments on Government, 1776)
2- ,u bUVªksMD'ku Vw fn fizfUliYl vkWiQ ,.M ysftLys'ku] 1789 (An Introduction to the Principles of
Morals and Legislation, 1789)
3- ,feuflisV ;ksj dkWyksuht] 1783 (Emancipate your Colonies, 1783)
4- fizfUliYl vkWiQ bUVjus'kuy ykW (Principles of International Law)
5- fMldkslsZt vku flfoy ,.M isuy ysftLys'ku] 1802 (Discoures on Civil and Penal Legislation, 1802)

6- , F;ksjh vkWiQ ifu'kes.V ,.M fjokM~Zl] 1811 (A Theory of Punishment and Rewards),
7- osQflTe vkWiQ ikfyZ;kesUVjh fjiQkElZ] 1809 (Catechism of Parliamentary Reforms, 1809)
mi;ksfxrkoknh fpUru dh lkekU; :ijs[kk mldh izkjfEHkd jpuk ^izsQxes.V~l vkuW xouZes.V* esa feyrh gSA blesa
CysdLVksu dh ^desaVªht* dh vkykspuk dh x;h gS vkSj bl vkykspu osQ ekè;e ls lEiw.kZ fofèkd O;olk; rFkk
baXyS.M osQ 'kklu osQ lEcUèk esa fàx fopkjèkkjk dh vkykspuk dh x;h gSA
^iszQxes.V~l vkWu xouZes.V* xzUFk eq[; :i ls vkykspukRed Fkk] ysfdu csUFke us ,d vU; izeq[k xzUFk
^b.VªksMD'ku Vw fn fizafliYl vkWiQ ekjsYl ,.M ysftLys'ku* esa iqufuZekZ.k dh Hkh dksf'k'k dh gSA bl xzUFk esa
gSYosfV;l }kjk izfrikfnr 'kSyh ij euksfoKku] uhfr'kkL=k vkSj U;k;'kkL=k dks la;qDr fd;k x;kA csUFke dk dguk
Fkk fd lq[k vkSj nq%[k u osQoy vkykspukRed U;k;'kkL=k osQ fy, vko';d ewY; dk ekud iznku djrs gSa
cfYd os ekuo vkpj.k osQ mu dkj.kkssa dks Hkh fuèkkZfjr djrs gSa ftuosQ }kjk oqQ'ky foèkk;d ekuoh; O;ogkj
ij fu;U=k.k j[k ldrk gS vkSj mls fn'kk ns ldrk gSA

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