Page 251 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV esa ny i¼fr;ksa dks ,d lkFk oxhZÑr djus dh xyrh dh tk,xh rFkk :l] ratkfu;k o cekZ dh ,dnyh; iz.kkfy;ksa
dks ,d gh [kkus esa j[k fn;k tk,xkA :l] ratkfu;k o cekZ dh i¼fr;ksa dks ,d izdkj dh ekuuk ,dnyh; i¼fr
osQ lkekU; y{k.kksa osQ fo"k; esa lgh Kku dk ifjp; nsuk ugha gksxkA vr% ny O;oLFkkvksa osQ oxhZdj.k esa lkoèkkfu;ka
o lroZQrk,a j[kdj gh mi;ksxh oxhZdj.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA oxhZdj.k osQ vkèkkjksa dks O;kid o lqfuf'pr cukdj
gh oxhZdj.k djuk gksxkA ,ysu cky us nyksa dh la[;k] mudh lajpuk rFkk mudh rkdr osQ lqfuf'pr vkèkkj ysdj
fuEufyf[kr ny O;oLFkk,a crkbZ gSaμ(1) vLi"V f}nyh; i¼fr;ka (indistinct party systems), (2) lqLi"V
f}nyh; i¼fr;ka (distinct two party systems), (3) dk;Zokgh cgqnyh; i¼fr;ka (working multi-party

systems), (4) vfLFkj cgqnyh; i¼fr;ka (unstable multi-party systems), (5) izHkkoh ny i¼fr;ka
(dominant party systems), (6) ,dnyh; i¼fr;ka (one party systems), (7) lokZfèkdkjh ,dnyh;
i¼fr;ka (totalitarian one party systems)A
(1) vLi"V f}nyh; i¼fr;ksa esa nyh; fopkjèkkjkksa ij de cy fn;k tkrk gS] vfèkØfed lajpuk dk vHkko
vkSj erksa dks thrus osQ dk;ks± ij è;ku osaQfnzr fd;k tkrk gSA bl i¼fr esa ny osaQnzhÑr gksrs gSa vkSj oqQN
Js"Btuksa dks vkxs c<+kus osQ LFkku ij O;fDrxr xq.kksa ij vkèkkfjr [;kfr ij vfèkd fuHkZj jgrs gSaA la;qDr
jkT; vejhdk rFkk vk;jyS.M dh nyh; i¼fr;ksa dks vLi"V f}nyh; i¼fr;ka dgk tk ldrk gSA
(2) lqLi"V f}nyh; i¼fr;ksa esa ny vfèkd osaQnzhÑr gksrs gSaA if'pe teZuh vkSj vkLVªsfy;k dh la?kh;
i¼fr;ksa osQ vUrxZr Hkh ;gh fLFkfr gSA os ny] fof'k"V èkk£ed tfVyrkvksa dks ysdj oxks± ij vkèkkfjr
gksus dh izo`fÙk j[krs gSaA bl i¼fr osQ vUrxZr pqukoh yM+kbZ esa fopkjèkkjk dh VDdj jktuhfr dks oqQN
vfèkd ljl cuk nsrh gSA bu i¼fr;kas esa lalnh; Lrj ij vYier nyksa dk vfLrRo vo'; jgrk gS]
fdUrq bu NksVs nyksa osQ leFkZu lfgr ;k fcuk buosQ leFkZu osQ] nks cM+s nyksa esa ls ,d viuh fLFkj
ljdkj cukus esa leFkZ gksrk gSA vke rkSj ij lqLi"V f}nyh; i¼fr;ksa esa ljdkj vxys fofoèk pquko
rd ;k izèkkuea=kh osQ foèkku e.My dks Hkax djus osQ i{k esa gksus rd cuh jgrh gSA bl izdkj if'pe
teZuh esa izQh MseksozsQV~l] vkLVªsfy;k esa oaQVªh ikVhZ rFkk fczVsu esa fycjy ikVhZ tSlh rhljh ik£V;ksa osQ gksrs
gq, Hkh bu ns'kksa dh f}nyh; i¼fr;ksa osQ vko';d y{k.kksa esa xM+cM+h iSnk ugha gks ldh gSA vr% fczVsu]
if'pe teZuh o vkLVªsfy;k lqLi"V f}nyh; O;oLFkkvksa osQ mnkgj.k dgs tk ldrs gSaA

(3) dk;Zokgd cgqnyh; i¼fr;ka os ny i¼fr;ka gSa tks nks ls vfèkd ny okyh gksrs gq, Hkh Li"V f}nyh;
i¼fr;ksa osQ leku vkpj.k djrh gSaμ[kkl rkSj ls ljdkjksa dh fLFkjrk osQ lEcUèk esaA bl izdkj LohMu
rFkk ukosZ esa lks'ky MSeksozsQfVd ik£V;ka gSa ftudk fojksèk mnkjoknh] Ñ"kd] vuqnkjoknh] fØf'p;u ik£V;ka
tSlh dbZ ik£V;ka djrh gSa ij cqfu;knh fLFkfr ;g jgrh gS fd ;k rks lks'ky MseksoszQVksa dh ljdkjsa curh
gSa] ftls laln esa dke pykus osQ fy, cgqer izkIr gks tkrk gS vFkok ukosZ dh rjg osQUnz esa ik£V;ksa
dh fLFkj lfEefyr ljdkj cu tkrh gSA vr% LohMu o ukosZ esa dk;Zokgh cgqnyh; i¼fr;ka dgh tk
ldrh gSA
(4) vfLFkj cgqnyh; i¼fr;ksa esa ljdkj dh fLFkjrk dk vHkko gksrk gSA ,slh i¼fr;ksa okys jkT;ksa esa ljdkjsa
vfèkdrj osQUnz dh ik£V;ksa osQ lkFk lk>snkjh ls curh gSa] ftudk fojksèk nf{k.k vkSj oke dh ik£V;ka djrh
gSaA bl izdkj dh ny i¼fr dk loksZÙke mnkgj.k bVyh esa feyrk gSA bVyh dh laln esa de ls de vkB
ik£V;ksa dk izfrfufèkRo jgrk gS vkSj f}rh; fo'o;q¼ osQ ckn vkt rd (1977) dksbZ Hkh ikVhZ cgqer esa ugha
vk ldh gSA fØf'p;u MseksozsQV ny lcls cM+k ny gSA vr% ;gh ljdkj cukus okyh ikVhZ jg xbZ gS] ftlus
^nkb±* ;k ^ckb±* rjiQ dks >qdh gqbZ NksVh ik£V;ksa osQ lkFk lk>snkjh ls bVyh dk 'kklu pyk;k gSA ,slh nyh;
i¼fr;ksa okys jkT;ksa esa ljdkjksa dk iru tYnh&tYnh gksrk jgrk gS ysfdu ,d ljdkj osQ iru osQ ckn
vfèkdrj FkksM+s le; esa gh nwljh ljdkj cu tkrh gSA ;g nwljh ljdkj yxHkx ml iwoZorhZ ljdkj] ftlosQ
iru us blosQ xBu dh ifjfLFkfr iSnk dh Fkh] dh rjg gh gksrh gSA

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