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bdkbZμ9% laoSèkkfud lajpukμU;k;ikfydk

vejhdh loksZPp U;k;ky; dks ,d ¶vVwV lkafoèkkfud lHkk¸ (Continuous constitutional convention) uksV
dkaxzsl dk rhljk lnu (Third Chamber of the Congress) dgk tkus yxk gSA
z ysfdu fLoV~tjySaM esa U;k;ky; dks U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu dh lkafoèkkfudrk dh tk¡p ugha fn;k x;k gSA mls
la?kh; fofèk;ksa dh lkafoèkkfudrk dh tk¡p djus dk vfèkdkj ugha gSA lafo/ku dh èkkjk 113 esa dgk x;k
gS fd lHkh ekeyksa esa la?kh; U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fofèk;ksa dks vkSj lHkh loZekU; vkKkvksa dh rFkk la?kh;
lHkk }kjk vuqlefFkZr lHkh fofèk;ksa dks ekU;rk nsus ij foo'k gksxkA¸
z fLoV~tjySaM esa la?kh; Lrj ij osQoy ,d U;k;ky; gS] la?kh; U;k;ky; (Federal Tribunal)A vU; dksbZ fuEu
U;k;ky; ugha gSA ysfdu vesfjdk esa la?kh; U;k;ky; dk J`a[kykc¼ (Hierachical) laxBu gS ftlosQ 'kh"kZ ij
loksZPp U;k;ky; rFkk mlosQ uhps Øe'k% nkSjk U;k;ky; rFkk ftyk U;k;ky; gSA Hkkjr esa osQUæhdj.k dh ço`fÙk
cgqr n`<+ gSA ;gk¡ ns'k osQ lHkh U;k;ky; ,d J`a[kyk esa xw¡Fks gq, gSa ftlosQ 'kh"kZ ij loksZPp U;k;ky; gSA
z fLol la?kh; U;k;ky; esa U;k;kèkh'kksa dh la[;k cgqr gSA blesa 26&28 U;k;kèkh'k rFkk 11&13 mi&U;k;kèkh'k
gSa tcfd vejhdh loksZPp U;k;ky; esa osQoy 9 vkSj Hkkjr osQ loksZPp U;k;ky; esa 25 U;k;kèkh'k gSa ysfdu
lksfo;r loksZPp U;k;ky; esa ,d vè;{k ,d mikè;{k vusd U;k;kèkh'k (orZeku le; 68) lgk;d
U;k;kèkh'k rFkk vusd tu fuèkkZfjr gSaA fLol la?k U;k;ky; 4 foHkkxksa esa (Division) rFkk lksfo;r loksZPp
U;k;ky; 5 e.Myksa (Collegiunits) esa c¡Vs gq, gS ysfdu vesfjdk rFkk Hkkjr esa ,slh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha gSSA
z vesfjdk esa U;k;kèkh'k vlhfer dky ;k ^lnkpkj dky* (good behaviour) osQ fy, rFkk Hkkjr esa 65 o"kZ
dh mez rd osQ fy, fu;qDr fd;s tkrs gSaA lksfo;r :l esa U;k;kèkh'k 5 o"kZ osQ fy, fuokZfpr gksrs gSaA fLol
la?kh; U;k;ky; osQ U;k;kèkh'k :l dh rjg 6 o"kZ osQ fy, fuokZfpr gksrs gS] ysfdu iquZfuokZpu dh O;oLFkk
osQ dkj.k O;kogkjr% os vesfjdk dh rjg ^lnkpkj dky* rd inklhu jg ldrs gSaA
z fLol] vejhdh rFkk Hkkjrh; U;k;ky;ksa esa bl fo"k; ij lkE;rk gS fd vius fu.kZ;ksa dks ykxw djus osQ fy,
muosQ dksbZ çkfèkdkjh ugha gksrsA mUgsa la?k RkFkk jkT; ljdkjksa ij buosQ fy, fuHkZj jguk iM+rk gSA fLol la?kh;
U;k;ky; blosQ fy, dSaVuksa rFkk la?kh; ifj"kn~ ij vkfJr gSA
z vejhdh loksZPp U;k;ky; dk ,d çeq[k vfèkdkj U;k;f;d iqufoZyksdu dk vfèkdkj gSA Hkkjr esa loksZPp
U;k;ky; dks vfèkdkj lfefr :i esa çkIr gSA ysfdu fLol la?kh; U;k;ky; dks lksfo;r loksZPp U;k;ky;
dh rjg vfèkdkj çnku ugha fd;k x;kA

9-4 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

çoh.krk % n{krk] çHkko'khyrkA
lnkpkji;±r % vkthou lqfprkiw.kZ O;ogkj A

dk;Zijk;.krk % bZekunkjhiw.kZ dk;Z djukA
fuoZpu % dkuwu dh O;k[;k djukA

9-5 vH;kl&ç'u (Review Questions)

1- vesfjdh lqçhe dksVZ vkSj U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu dh O;k[;k dhft,A

2- fczVsu] Úkal vkSj fLoV~tjyS.M esa U;kf;d iqufoZyksdu fl¼kar dh foospuk dhft,A
3- fczVsu] Úkal vkSj fLoV~tjyS.M dh U;kf;d O;oLFkkvksa dk fo'ys"k.kkRed o.kZu dhft,A
4- vesfjdk (USA) vkSj fLoV~tjySaM dh la?kh; O;oLFkk dh O;k[;k dhft,A

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 241