Page 241 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV bl lEcUèk esa dqN izfrcUèk Hkh gSA nks fudV lEcUèkh la?kh; lHkk rFkk la?kh; ifj"kn~ osQ lnL; ;k muosQ }kjk fu;qDr
dksbZZ inkfèkdkjh la?kh; U;k;ky; dk U;k;kèkh'k ugha cu ldrs gSaA vius dk;Zdky esa U;k;kèkh'k u rks la?k ;k dSaVu
osQ vUrxZr fdlh vU; in ij jg ldrs gSa vkSj u dksbZ O;olk; ;k ukSdjh gh dj ldrs gSaA 1814 bZú osQ igys
;s ckrsa oftZr ugha FkhA ;|fi lafoèkku }kjk fdlh fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk dh vko';drk ugha gS] fiQj Hkh vuqHkoh rFkk
fo'ks"kK&fofèkosÙkkvks dks gh U;k;kèkh'k fuokZfpr fd;k tkrk gSA ykWM czkbl us dgk Hkh gS U;k;kèkh'kksa osQ fuokZpu
osQ fy, ;|fi dksbZ vgZrk fofèk }kjk fufgr ugha dh x;h gSA fiQj Hkh U;k;'kkL=k osQ fo}kuksa rFkk ;ksX; O;fDr;ksa
dks fuokZfpr djus dk Hkjld iz;Ru fd;k tkrk gSA ysfdu ;g dguk xyr gksxk fd U;k;kèkh'kksa dk fuokZpu
jktuhfrd izHkkoksa ls ,dne vNwrk gS] Hkys gh bldk mYVk izHkko U;k;kèkh'kksa dh Js"Brk ij ugha iM+rkA
osrukfn % fLol la?kh; U;k;ky; osQ U;k;kèkh'kksa dks osru osQ :i esa 53]000 ÚSad izfro"kZ feyrk gSA vè;{k dks
HkÙkk osQ :i esa vrfjDr 36]000 ÚSad izfro"kZ feyrk gSA mi&U;k;kèkh'kksa dks dksbZ fuf'pr okf"kZd osru ugha feyrk
gSA osQoy ftu fnuksa os dk;Z djrs gSa] mUgs nSfud Øe ls dqN HkÙkk fn;k tkrk gSA isa'ku dh Hkh O;oLFkk gSA in&fuo`fÙk
;fn 60 o"kZ dh vk;q ij gks vkSj U;k;ky; osQ lnL; osQ :i es dk;Z dj pqdk gS rks mlosQ lsok&dky osQ vuqlkj
mlosQ osru dk 40 ls 60 izfr'kr rd isa'ku osQ :i esa fn;k tkrk gSA
lfpoky; % la?k&U;k;ky; dk viuk lfpoky; (Chancellory) gS ftldk laxBu rFkk deZpkfj;ksa dh fu;qfDr
Lo;a U;k;ky; djrk gSA ysfdu deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k] budk osru rFkk dk;Z&dky la?kh; lHkk fuf'pr djrh gSA
LFkku % la?kh; U;k;ky; dk LFkk;h LFkku ok¡M (Vand) uked dSaVu dh jktèkkuh ykstku uxj gSA bl uxj esa
U;k;ky; dh LFkkiuk osQ nks eq[; dkj.k FksA izFker% la?kh; 'kklu osQ nks vax (dk;Zikfydk rFkk foèkkuikfydk)
teZu Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh uxj cuZ es vofLFkr FksA vr% lafoèkku fuekZrk pkgrs Fks fd la?kh; 'kklu dk de&ls&de ,d
vax Úsap Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh uxj ykstku gks ftlls Úsap cksyusokys dks larqf"V feysA blh mís'; ls Úsap Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh Hkkx
esa vofLFkr dj la?kh; U;k;ky; dk LFkku cuk;k x;kA f}rh;r% áwej osQ erkuqlkj lafoèkku&fuekZrk cuZ ls la?kh;
U;k;ky; dks gVkdj 'kfDr i`FkDdj.k osQ fl¼kar ij cy nsuk pkgrs FksA mudk fopkj Fkk fd jktèkkuh ls nwj jgdj
U;k;ky; jktuhfrd okrkoj.k ls eqDr jgsxkA
foHkkx % dk;Z dh lqfoèkk osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls fLol U;k;ky; dks pkj foHkkxksa esa ck¡V fn;k x;k gSA bues nks foHkkx
nhokuh eqdneksa ij fopkj djrs gSa] rhljk foHkkx lkoZtfud fofèk lEcUèkh fooknksa ij fopkj djrk gS vkSj pkSFkk
foHkkx ½.k rFkk nhokfu;ksa ls lEcfUèkr eqdneksa ij fopkj djrk gSA bu foHkkxkas dk laxBu iwjk U;k;ky; nks o"kksZ
osQ fy, djrk gSA
iQkStnkjh eqdneksa ij fopkj djus osQ fy, Hkh la?k U;k;ky; osQ pkj foHkkx fd;s x;s gSa& (1) iQfj;kn foHkkx
(Chamber of Complaints)] (2) iQkStnkjh foHkkx (Criminal Chamber)] (3) la?kh; n.M foHkkx (Federal
penal Court)] (4) lkafoèkkfud foHkkx (Court of Cessation) iQkStnkjh foHkkx dHkh&dHkh ifjHkze.k'khy
U;k;ky; osQ :i esa djrk gSA le;≤ ij ns'k esa ifjHkze.k dj eqdíeksa dh lquokbZ djrk gSA iQkStnkjh ekeyksa
ij fopkj osQ le; twjh dh lgk;rk yh tkrh gSA izR;sd iQkStnkjh eqdnesa dh lquokbZ osQ le; 12 twfj;ksa dh
mifLFkfr vko';d gSA twfj;ksa dk fuokZpu turk }kjk 6 o"kksZ osQ fy, gksrk gSA
la?kh; U;k;ky; dk vfèkdkj&{ks=k (Jurisdiction of the Federal Tribunal): la?kh; U;k;ky; osQ vfèkdkj&{ks=k
dks fuEufyf[kr pkj oxks± esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

(i) nhokuh (Civil)
(ii) iQkStnkjh (Criminal)
(iii) lkafoèkkfud (Constitutional) vkSj

(iv) iz'kkldh; (Administrative)

236 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY