Page 272 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZ—11% ncko lewg

11-1 ncko lewg dk vFkZ (Meaning of Pressure Groups) uksV

lekt esa fofHkUu izdkj osQ fgr ik;s tkrs gSa] tSlsμetnwj] Ñ"kd] m|ksxifr] f'k{kd O;olk;h vkfnA tc dksbZ
NksVk vFkok cM+k fgr laxfBr :i èkkj.k dj ysrk gS rc mls fgr&lewg (Interest Group) dgk tkrk gSA bl
lewg dk mís'; vius lnL;ksa osQ fofoèk lkekftd] vk£Fkd vkSj O;kolkf;d fgrksa dh j{kk djuk gksrk gSA tc
dksbZ fgr&lewg vius mís';ksa dh iw£r osQ fy, ljdkj ls lgk;rk pkgus yxrk gS ;k vius lnL;ksa osQ fgrksa osQ
vuqowQy osQ fuekZ.k vkSj l'kkasèku osQ fy, foèkk;dksa dks izHkkfor djus yxrk gS rc mls ncko lewg (Pressure

Group) dgk tkrk gSA ek;ju fcuj us ncko lewg dh ifjHkk"kk nsrs gq, fy[kk gS fd ncko&xqV vFkok
fgr&lewg ls gekjk vfHkizk; ,sls fdlh ,sfPNd :i ls laxfBr lewg ls gksrk gS tks ljdkj laxBu ls ckgj jgdj
ljdkjh vfèkdkfj;ksa dh fu;qfDr] ljdkj dh uhfr] blosQ iz'kklu rFkk blosQ fu.kZ; dks izHkkfor djus dk iz;Ru
djrk gSA¸ bu lewgksa dks ncko&lewg ;k fgr&lewg blfy, dgk tkrk gS fd budk fuekZ.k fo'ks"k fgrksa dh j{kk
osQ fy, gksrk gS vkSj ;s vius izfrfufèk;ksa osQ ekè;e ls foèkk;dksa osQ lkFk lEioZQ LFkkfir djrs gSa rFkk mu ij
fdlh foèkk;d fo'ks"k osQ i{k vFkok foi{k ls ernku osQ fy, ncko Mkyrs gSaA

dkVZj ,oa gtZ (Carter and Herz) us Hkh fgr rFkk ncko&lewg osQ ckjs esa fy[kk gS fd ¶,d LorU=k lekt osQ
fgr lewgksa dks LorU=k :i ls laxfBr gksus dh vuqefr gksrh gS vkSj tc ;s lewg ljdkjh ;a=k vkSj izfØ;k ij izHkko
Mkyus dk iz;Ru djrs gSa vkSj bl izdkj dkuwuksa] fu;eksa] ykblsal] djkjksi.k rFkk vU; foèkk;h vkSj iz'kkldh;
dk;ks± dks vius vuqowQy <kyus dh ps"Vk djrs gSa] rks Li"V gh ;s fgr (interest) ncko&lewg (Pressure Groups)
esa cny tkrs gSaA vc fgr&lewgksa dh xfrfofèk;k¡ ljdkj ij ncko Mkyus dh gks tkrh gSA vksfMxkMZ (Odegard)
us Hkh fy[kk gS] ¶,d ncko&lewg ,sls yksxksa dk vkSipkfjd laxBu gS ftuosQ ,d vFkok leku mís'; ,oa LokFkZ
gksa vkSj tks ?kVukvksa osQ Øe dks] fo'ks"k :i ls lkoZtfud uhfr osQ fuekZ.k vkSj 'kklu dks blfy, izHkkfor djus
dk è;ku djsa fd muosQ fgrksa dh j{kk vkSj o`f¼ gks losQA¸

fgr&lewg lekt esa ik;s tkus okys fo'ks"k fgrksa osQ laxBu gksrs gSa tks vius mís';ksa dh iw£r osQ fy,
ljdkj ij ,slh fdlh Hkh uhfr dks viukus osQ fy, ncko Mkyrs gSa tks muosQ fgrksa osQ izfrowQy gksa rFkk
vius fgrksa dh iw£r osQ fy, lekpkj&i=kksa] ipkZ] jsfM;ks] O;fDrxr lEioZQ rFkk vU; ekè;eksa osQ }kjk
ljdkj ij ncko Mkyrs gSa ftl dkj.k mUgsa ncko&lewg dgk tkrk gSA

fgr vFkok ncko&lewg ,sfPNd (voluntary) vkSj xSj&jktuhfrd (non-political) laxBu gksrs gSaA budh lnL;rk
dk vkèkkj buosQ lnL;ksa osQ chp leku fgr dh psruk vkSj leku fgr dh o`f¼ osQ fy, iz;Ru gksrs gSA budk lEcUèk
fdlh jktuhfrd ny osQ izR;{; :i ls ugha gksrk vkSj u ;s fdlh jktuhfrd ny osQ vax gksrs gSaA ijUrq ;s vius
fgrksa dks ns[krs gq, fdlh&u&fdlh jktuhfrd ny ls viuk lEcUèk vo'; LFkkfir dj ysrs gSaA ncko&lewg
jktuhfrd ny dh Hkk¡fr fdlh dk;ZØe osQ vkèkkj ij fuokZpdksa dks izHkkfor ugha djrs oju~ os fdUgha fo'ks"k elyksa
esa #fp ysrs gSaA muosQ laxBu dk ekSfyd dkj.k lkekftd] vk£Fkd ;k O;kolkf;d gksrk gS] jktuhfrd ughaA fiQj
Hkh jktuhfr dks izHkkfor djus dk mís'; muesa jktuhfrd iwQV yk nsrk gSA vFkkZr~ ncko&lewg iw.kZr% jktuhfrd
laxBu ugha gksrs vkSj u os pquko osQ fy, vius mEehnokj gh [kM+k djrs gSaA jktuhfrd ny u gksrs gq, Hkh os nyksa
dh Hkk¡fr laxfBr gksrs gSa ftudh futh lnL;rk] mís';] laxBu] ,drk] lkèku vkSj izfr"Bk gksrs gSaA izÑfr mís';
vkSj laxBu dh n`f"V ls jktuhfrd nyksa ls os ekSfyd :i ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA jktuhfrd ny esa lHkh O;fDr dk
jktuhfrd mís'; ugha gksrkA

jktuhfrd ny dks lHkh oxks± osQ ernkrkvksa dks O;kid leFkZu izkIr gksrk gS tcfd ncko&lewg dks osQoy ,d
gh oxZ dkA jktuhfrd ny fuokZpu esa Hkkx ysrs gSa tcfd fgr&lewg fuokZpu esa Hkkx ugha ysrsA jktuhfrd ny

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