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bdkbZ—11% ncko lewg
ysfdu cgqr de ncko&lewgksa dk Lo:i jk"VªO;kih gksrk gSA nwljh vkSj oqQN ncko&lewg jktuhfrd nyksa uksV
ls Hkh vfèkd O;kid&laxBu okys gksrs gSa tcfd oqQN jktuhfrd ny {ks=kh; vFkok LFkkuh; Lrj rd gh
lhfer jgrs gSaA
bu vUrjksa osQ ckotwn ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyuk xyr gS fd nksuksa esa lEcUèk ugha gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd ncko&lewgksa
dk :i vR;Ur laxfBr vkSj mudh Hkwfedk lekt esa izHkkodkjh gksrh gS rks jktuhfrd ny Hkh muosQ le{k ckSus
yxrs gSaA
iQkbuj us bl lEcUèk esa Bhd gh fy[kk gS fd ¶tgk¡ fl¼kUr vkSj laxBu esa jktuhfrd ny nqcZy gksxsa ogk¡ ncko&lewg
cuk;saxs] tgk¡ ncko&lewg 'kfDr'kkyh gksaxs ogk¡ jktuhfrd ny detksj gksaxs vkSj tgk¡ jktuhfrd ny 'kfDr'kkyh gksaxs
1
ogk¡ ncko&lewg nck fn;s tk;saxsA¸ iQkbuj dk ;g dFku ik'pkR; yksdra=kksa ij gh ykxw gksrk gS tgk¡ jktuhfrd ny
vkSj ncko&lewg nksuksa gh fodflr gSaA fodkl'khy jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa esa jktuhfrd nyksa vkSj ncko&lewgksa dk
'kfDr'kkyh laxBu ugha ik;k tkrkA vr% bu ns'kksa esa nksuksa osQ chp dksbZ vUrj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
ncko&lewgksa dk oxhZdj.k (Classification of Pressure groups)
la[;kRed n`f"V ls vfèkd vkSj izÑfr esa fofHkUurk osQ dkj.k ncko&lewgksa dk oxhZdj.k djuk ,d eqf'dy dke
yxrk gSA oxhZdj.k osQ fuf'pr vkèkkjksa esa ncko&lewgksa dh izÑfr dks tkuuk lpeqp dfBu gSA fiQj Hkh bu lewgksa
osQ y{;] laxBu dh izÑfr] vfLrRo dh vofèk] dk;Z {ks=k vkSj fuekZ.k osQ izsjd rÙoksa osQ vkèkkj ij ncko&lewgksa
dk oxhZdj.k vusd fo}kuksa osQ }kjk fd;k x;k gSA mi;qZDr vkèkkjksa ij ncko&lewg osQ oqQN oxhZdj.k bl izdkj
gSaμ
1- dkyZ izsQMfjd dk oxhZdj.kμizsQMfjd us ncko lewgksa dks nks oxks± esa foHkkftr fd;k gSμ(d) lkekU;
ncko&lewg&lkekU; fgrksa dks vkèkkj ekudj pyus okys lewgksa dks mlus bl Js.kh esa j[kk gSA ([k) fof'k"V
ncko&lewgμfdlh [kkl ;k fo'ks"k fgr dh izkfIr osQ fy, dke djus okys ncko lewgksa dks mlus nwljh Js.kh
esa j[kk gSA
2- vkWe.M dk oxhZdj.kμvkWe.M us ncko lewgksa dk oxhZdj.k lajpukRed :iksa vkSj fgr lapkj.k osQ vk/kj
ij fd;k gSA bu nksuksa vkèkkjksa ij mlus ncko&lewg dks fuEufyf[kr pkj oxks± esa j[kk gSA
(d) laLFkkRed ncko lewg (Institutional Pressure groups)μbl oxZ esa vkWe.M us mu lewgksa dks j[kk
gS tks fdlh jktuhfrd ny ;k laxBu osQ vUrxZr xzqi osQ :i esa dke djrs gSaA vfrfjDr lewgksa osQ :i
esa ;s lsuk vkSj vlSfud lsok esa ik;s tkrs gSaA deZpkfj;ksa osQ bu lewgksa dk mís'; lkekftd vkSj
jktuhfrd fgrksa dh iw£r djuk gksrk gSA ;s jktuhfrd] lkekftd] iz'kklfud ;k èkk£ed dk;ks± osQ vykok
fgr Lo:ihdj.k dk Hkh dke djrs gSaA vYifodflr ;k vfodflr ns'kksa esa ,sls lewgksa dh la[;k dkiQh
de gksrh gS] ysfdu fodflr ns'kksa esa vfèkd la[;k esa ik;s tkrs gSa vkSj izHkkodkjh <ax ls fgr Lo:ihdj.k
dk Hkh dk;Z djrs gSaA
([k) izn'kZukRed ;k peRedkfjd ncko&lewg (Anomic Pressure Groups)μ,sls ncko&lewgksa dks
vkWe.M us vkdfLd ;k peRdkfjd O;ogkj ls ;qDr ekuk gS D;ksafd ;s izn'kZuksa vkanksyuksa] jSfy;ksa] naxksa
bR;kfn osQ :i esa izdV gksdj vpkud vius izHkko dk foLrkj djrs gSaA laxfBr o fu;af=kr gksus osQ ckotwn
;s jktuhfrd O;oLFkk esa ckèkk mRiUu djus ;k mls cny nsus dh {kerk j[krs gSaA Úkal] bVyh] ySfVu
vesfjdh] ns'kksa rFkk oqQN vjc ns'kksa esa ,sls ncko&lewg vfèkd izHkko'kkyh gSaA
(x) vleqn;Red ncko&lewg (Non-associational Pressure Groups)μjDr lacaèk] èkeZ ;k oxZ ij
ijEijkxr <ax ls vkèkkfjr ncko lewg bl oxZ esa j[ks tkrs gSaA bu lewgksa esa vkWe.M us iSr`d tkrh; èkk£ed
o jDr lEcUèkh lewgksa dks LFkku fn;k gSA budh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd fgr lkèkus dk dke os fujarj ugha djrs
cfYd vko';drkuqlkj le;≤ ij djrs gSaA ,sls lewgksa dh lajpuk,¡ curh fcxM+rh jgrh gSa vkSj cgqr
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