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rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj
uksV xqV LorU=krk dh vis{kk O;oLFkk ijA tsiQlZu osQ ckn esfMlu rFkk equjks jk"Vªifr fuokZfpr gq, tks fjifCydu
FksA 1824 bZ- rd blh xqV dk 'kklu jgkA la?koknh xqV èkhjs&èkhjs lekIr gksus yxk] ;gk¡ rd fd 1820 esa mlus
viuk izR;k'kh jk"Vªifr in osQ fy, [kM+k Hkh ugha fd;kA bl rjg ;g ny lnk osQ fy, lekIr gks x;kA 1800
ls 1824 bZ rd osQ dky dk fdlh izdkj dh xqVcUnh osQ vHkko osQ dkj.k bfrgklKksa us ^mÙke Hkkoukvksa dk
lqugyk fnu* (Golden Age of Good Feelings) dgk gSA
orZeku fjifCydu vkSj MseksozsQfVd ny dk tUeμdksbZ Hkh ny u rks lnk osQ fy, lÙkk:<+ gh jg ldrk gS
vkSj u mldh ,drk gh cuh jg ldrh gSA vr% fjifCydu xqV Hkh nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gks x;kA us'kuy
fjifCydu (National Republicans), ftls fàx (Whigs) Hkh dgrs gSa vkSj MseksozsQfVd fjifCydu
(Democratic Republicans), ftls fliZQ MseksozsQV (Democrat) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA fàx vuqnkj Fks rFkk MseksozsQV~l
mnkjA 1828 bZ- esa MseksozsQfVd ny lÙkk:<+ gqvkA mldk usrk tSDlu (Jackson) jk"Vªifr fuokZfpr gqvkA 1840 rd
MseksozsQfVd lÙkk:<+ jgsA ysfdu nkl&izFkk osQ iz'u us nksuksa nyksa dks tM+ ls fgyk fn;kA MseksozsQfVd ny dh fLFkfr
nqcZy gks x;h] fiQj Hkh mldk vfLrRo cuk jgkA fàx ny dk rks tM+ ls uk'k gks x;k vkSj mlosQ HkXuko'ks ij
orZeku fjifCydu ny (Republican Party) dk tUe gqvkA bl izdkj ekSfyd fjifCydu ny osQ vo'ks"k ij
orZeku nksuksa jktuhfrd nyksa dk mn~Hko gqvkμfjifCydu ny vkSj MseksozsQfVd nyA
1860 osQ ckn fodklμ1860 bZ- esa fjifCydu ny osQ gkFk esa 'kklu&lÙkk vkbZ vkSj ¯ydu jk"Vªifr fuokZfpr
gqvkA 1861 ls 1885 bZ- rd fjifCydu ny 'kklu esa vk;kA x`g&;q¼ osQ i'pkr~ nksuksa nyksa esa eq[; varj
vk;kr&fu;kZr rFkk flDdk&lEcUèkh uhfr osQ lEcUèk esa FkkA fjifCydu ny mDr vk;kr&fu;kZr dj rFkk laj{kd
uhfr osQ i{k esa Fkk rFkk MseksozsQfVd ny vk;kr&fu;kZr dj dks ?kVkus osQ i{k esa FkkA vk£Fkd uhfr osQ vfrfjDr
nksuksa nyksa esa dksbZ fo'ks"k vUrj ugha FkkA vUr esa MseksozsQfVd ny us Fkd dj bl iz'u dks vius IysViQkWeZ ls
gVk fn;kA
1912 bZ- esa nyh; O;oLFkk esa ifjorZu vk;kA fjifCydu ny esa vkUrfjd fonzksg gqvkA iQyLo:i MseksØsfVd
izR;k'kh foYlu jk"Vªifr fu;qDr gqvkA 19oha 'krkCnh dk iz'u vk;kr&fu;kZr fookn dk iz'u u jgk cfYd
la;qDr&jkT; dk ;q¼ ls lEc¼ iz'u eq[; iz'u cu x;kA foYlu fiQj ls pquk x;k_ ;q¼ lekIr gks x;k vkSj
jk"Vªla?k (Leage of Nations) osQ vuqleFkZu dk iz'u flusV osQ lkeus vk;kA flusV us bl lfUèk dks vLohdkj
dj fn;kA MseksozsQfVd ny vyksdfiz; gks x;kA iQyr% 1920 bZ- esa mldh djkjh gkj gqbZ vkSj fjifCydu ny
fot;h gqvk_ ysfdu bl ny osQ 'kklu&dky esa vk£Fkd ladV dh leL;k iSnk gqbZ ftls og lqy>k ugha ldkA
MseksozsQfVd ny us ubZ uhfr (New Deal) dh ?kks"k.kk dh ftlus turk dks vkd£"kr fd;kA 1932 bZ- esa
MseksozsQfVd ny dk izR;k'kh MkW- :tosYV jk"Vªifr fuokZfpr gqvkA bl ny us f}rh; fo'o&;q¼ dk lkeuk fd;kA
bl ny dk 'kklu 20 o"kks± rd jgkA 1952 bZ- esa fjifCydu ny iqu% izHkqRo esa vk;k vkSj vkblugkoj jk"Vªifr
in ij vklhu gqvkA 1960 bZ- rd bl ny dk àkbV gkml ij vfèkdkj jgkA 1960 osQ fnlEcj osQ fuokZpu esa
fjifCydu izR;k'kh fuDlu dks gjkdj MseksozsQfVd izR;k'kh osQusMh jk"Vªifr fuokZfpr gqvkA vr% 'kklu iqu%
MseksozsQfVd ny osQ gkFk esa pyk vk;kA 1964 bZ- esa oSQusMh iqu% jk"Vªifr fuokZfpr gqvkA dk;Z&dky iwjk djus
osQ igys gh oSQusMh dh gR;k dj nh x;hA mi&jk"Vªifr tkWulu jk"Vªifr osQ in ij vklhu gq,A 1964 bZ- osQ
fuokZpu esa tkWulu us fjifCydu izR;k'kh xksYMokVj (Goldwater) dks gjk;kA 1968 esa fuDlu us tks fjifCydu
ny osQ Fks jk"Vªifr fuokZfpr gq,A iqu% 1977 esa esdxouZ dks gjkdj fuDlu nwljh ckj jk"Vªifr pqus x;sA
dkykUrj esa fuDlu osQ R;kx&i=k nsus osQ ckn dkVZj jk"Vªifr gq,A fiQj fjifCydu ny osQ tktZ cq'k jk"Vªifr gq,A
1992 osQ pquko esa MseksozsQV fcy ¯DyVu tktZ cq'k dks gjkdj jk"Vªifr fuokZfpr gq, rRi'pkr~ tktZ MCY;w cq'k rFkk
cjkd vksckek vejhdk osQ jk‘ªifr cusA bl izdkj xr lkS o"kks± esa fjifCydu vkSj MseksozsQfVd nyksa osQ chp 'kklu
dk myV&isQj gksrk jgk gSA
jktuhfrd nyksa dk laxBu (Organization of Political Parties): la;qDr&jkT; esa ny&laxBu osQ nks Li"V
304 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY