Page 141 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

bdkbZ—8% ttekuh O;oLFkk

nsus okyk FkkA og O;oLFkk ftlesa HkwfeLokeh (land owning) ifjokj rFkk mu Hkwfeghu ifjokjksa esa] tks mls oLrq,a uksV
vkSj lsok,a iznku djrs gSa] LFkkbZ lEcUèk feyrs gSa] mls ttekuh O;oLFkk dgk tkrk gSA
;ksxsUnz ¯lg us ttekuh O;oLFkk dk o.kZu djrs gq, dgk gS fd ;g ,d ,slh O;oLFkk gS tks xkaoksa osQ vUrtkZrh;
lacaèkksa esa ikjLifjdrk ij vkèkkfjr lacaèk }kjk fu;af=kr gksrh gSA bZ'oju us ttekuh O;oLFkk (ftls nf{k.k Hkkjr
esa eSlwj esa ¶vk;k¸ dgk tkrk gS) osQ lanHkZ esa dgk gS fd ;g ,d ,slh O;oLFkk gS ftlesa lEiw.kZ lkeqnkf;d
thou esa izR;sd tkfr dks ,d Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gksrh gSA bl Hkwfedk esa vk£Fkd] lkekftd] ,oa uSfrd dk;Z
gksrs gSaA
^tteku* 'kCn dk iz;ksx ewy :i ls ml vlkeh (client) osQ fy;s fd;k tkrk Fkk ftlosQ fy;s czkã.k iqtkjh
èkk£ed iwtk o deZdk.M (rituals) fd;k djrs Fks_ fdUrq ckn esa ;s fof'k"V lsokvksa dks izkIr djus okys O;fDr
vFkok laj{kd osQ fy;s iz;ksx fd;s tkus yxkA chMyeSu us dgk gS fd ^lsoknkjksa* vFkkZr~ oLrq,a vkSj lsok,a iznku
djus okyksa osQ fy;s ^dehu* 'kCn osQ vfrfjDr fHkUu {ks=kksa esa vU; 'kCn tSls iqjtu] ijèkku] vkfn Hkh iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA

ttekuh O;oLFkk ,d forj.k O;oLFkk gS ftlesa mPp tkfr osQ HkwLokeh ifjokjksa dks fuEu tkfr osQ
yksxksa osQ }kjk lsok,a iznku dh tkrh gSaa

8-1-1 ttekuh lEcUèk

dHkh&dHkh oLrqvksa dh vkiw£r (supply) osQ vkèkkj ij nks ;k nks ls vfèkd tkfr;ksa osQ lEcUèk lafonkRed gks
ldrs gSa] fdUrq ttekuh ughaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ftl tqykgs dks mldh cukbZ gqbZ vkSj cph gqbZ oLrq osQ fy;s udn
Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gS] og izFkk osQ vuqlkj iQly esa ls fgLls dk vfèkdkjh ugha gksrk gSA og u ^dehu* gS
vkSj u gh [kjhnus okyk mldk ^tteku*A fiQj] ttekuh lEcUèkksa esa oqQN ,slh lsok,a rFkk oLrq,a gks ldrh gSa
ftudk vuqcUèk (contract) gksrk gS vkSj i`Fkd ls Hkqxrku Hkh mnkgj.k osQ fy;s xkao esa jLlh cukus okyh
ttekuh O;oLFkk osQ vUrxZr fdlku dks lHkh vko';d jfLl;ksa dh iw£r djrs gSa] osQoy ml jLlh osQ tks oqQ,¡
esa mi;ksxh gksrh gS vkSj dkiQh yEch vkSj eksVh gksrh gSA fdlku dks mlosQ fy, vyx ls Hkqxrku nsuk gksrk gSA
ttekuh lEcUèkksa esa èkk£ed ÑR;ksa] lkekftd leFkZu rFkk vk£Fkd vknku&iznku lHkh dk lekos'k gSA lsod
tkfr;k¡ tteku osQ ?kj tUe] fookg] vkSj e`R;q osQ voljksa ij èkk£ed laLdkfjd lekjksgksa esa dÙkZO;ksa dk ikyu
djrs gSaA Mh-,u-etwenkj us mÙkj izns'k osQ y[kuÅ f”kys osQ ,d xkao dh jktiwr tkfr osQ BkoqQj ifjokj dk
mnkgj.k fd;k gS ftlesa nl fofHkUu tkfr;ksa osQ ifjokj thou pØ&iFk osQ laLdkjksa (life-cycle rites) dh iw£r
osQ fy;s BkoqQj ifjokj dh lsok esa yxs gksrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ckyd osQ tUe dh nkor osQ le; czkã.k ukedj.k
laLdkj djkrk gS] lqukj uotkr f'k'kq osQ fy;s Lo.kZ vkHkw"k.k miyCèk djkrk gS] èkksch xUns diM+s èkksrk gS] ukbZ
lUns'k okgu dk dk;Z djrk gS] [kkrh og iV~Vk cukrk gS ftl ij cPps dks ukedj.k osQ fy;s fcBk;k tkrk gS]
yksgkj yksgs dk dM+k cukrk gS] oqQEgkj oqQYgM+ vkfn ikuh ihus rFkk lfCt;k¡ vkfn j[kus osQ fy;s miyCèk djkrk
gS] iklh Hkkstu osQ fy;s iÙkysa tqVkrk gS rFkk Hkaxh nkor osQ ckn liQkbZ dk dke djrk gSA os lHkh yksx tks bl
izdkj lg;ksx djrs gSa migkj :i esa Hkkstu] oL=k vkSj èku izkIr djrs gSa tks vkaf'kd :i ls izFkk ij] vkaf'kd
:i ls tteku osQ vk£Fkd Lrj ij rFkk vkaf'kd :i ls izkIrdrkZ osQ vuqjksèk ij fuHkZj djrk gSa
^dehu* (fuEu tkfr;k¡) tks vius ^ttekuksa* (mPp tkfr;k¡) dks fof'k"V oqQ'kyrk ,oa lsok,a iznku djrs gSa]
Lo;a Hkh nwljksa ls oLrq,a rFkk lsok,a pkgrs gSaA gSjksYM xwYM osQ vuqlkj ;s fuEu tkfr;k¡ ;k rks izR;{k :i ls Je

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