Page 171 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

bdkbZ—9% fL=k;ksa dh izfLFkfr

Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; lHkk] 1885 us mijksDr fu;ksZX;rkvksa dh fuUnk dhA jktk jkeeksgu jk; us] ftUgksaus lrh izFkk uksV
mUewyu osQ fy, egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z fd;k] cky fookg rFkk inkZ izFkk osQ fo#¼ Hkh vkokt mBkbZ vkSj fL=k;ksa osQ
mÙkjkfèkdkj osQ fy, Hkh la?k"kZ fd;kA bZ'oj pUnz fo|klkxj us foèkok osQ iqufoZokg osQ fy, vkUnksyu pyk;k
vkSj fL=k;ksa dh f'k{kk osQ fy, Hkh odkyr dhA egf"kZ dosZ us Hkh foèkok&fookg vkSj fL=k;ksa dh f'k{kk dh leL;k
dks mBk;kA mUgksaus 1916 esa ,l-,u-Mh-Vh- fo'ofo|ky;] egkjk"Vª esa LFkkfir fd;kA cM+kSnk jkT; osQ 'kkld]
egkjktk lk;kth jko xk;dokM+ us Hkh cky fookg o cgq iRuh fookg jksdus] fL=k;ksa dks f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj
fnykus] rFkk foèkokvksa dks iqufoZokg dk vfèkdkj fnykus osQ fy, vFkd iz;Ru fd,A Lokeh n;kuUn ljLorh]
Lokeh foosdkuUn vkSj egkRek xk¡èkh us Hkh fL=k;ksa osQ jktuSfrd o lkekftd vfèkdkjksa osQ izfr #fp fn[kkbZA xka/h

th dk er Fkk fd fL=k;ksa dks dk;Z djus esa os d"V ugha Hkksxus pkfg, tks iq#"k u Hkksx ldrs gksaA os iq=k vkSj
iqf=k;ksa dks ,d leku ekuus osQ i{kèkj FksA fofoèk usrkvksa osQ lkekftd vkUnksyuksa osQ pykus dk ,d ykHk ;g
gqvk fd fL=k;ksa osQ leku vfèkdkjksa o eqfDr osQ fy, lkekftd psruk tkx`r djus esa liQyrk izkIr gqbZA

9-4-3 efgyk laxBuksa dk mn;
efgykvksa osQ ,d laxBu] tSls] cax efgyk lekt o efgyk fFk;kslksfiQdy lkslk;Vh] fL=k;ksa osQ fy, vkèkqfud
vkn'kks± osQ fy, LFkkuh; Lrj ij dk;Z dj jgs FksA fdUrq vxz.kh dk;Z mu laxBu }kjk fd;k x;k tks jk"Vªh; Lrj
ij dk;Z dj jgs FksA buesa ls ikap izeq[k laxBu Fks% Hkkjr efgyk ifj"kn (tks 1904 esa fL=k;ksa dh eqfDr osQ la?k"kZ
gsrq izkjEHk gqvk)] Hkkjr L=kh egke.My (1910 esa LFkkfir)] efgyk Hkkjrh; la?k (Women’s Indian Associa-
tion) (1917 esa ,suh cslsUV }kjk lapkfyr)] Hkkjrh; efgyk jk"Vªh; ifj"kn~ (National Council of Women in
India) (1925 esa ysMh ,cjMu rFkk ysMh VkVk }kjk izkjEHk fd;k x;k)] rFkk vky bf.M;k owesUl dkUiQjsUl
(ekxZjsV dflUl rFkk vU; }kjk 1927 esa LFkkfir)A dLrwjck xkaèkh osQ e`R;q osQ mijkUr dLrwjck xkaèkh jk"Vªh;
Lekjd VªLV izkjEHk fd;k x;kA bu lc laxBuksa us fL=k;ksa dh f'k{kk] inkZ o cky fookg tSlh cqjkb;ksa dk mUewyu]
fgUnw vfèkfu;eksa esa lqèkkj] fL=k;ksa dh uSfrd o HkkSfrd izxfr] vfèkdkjksa o voljksa dh lekurk vkSj fL=k;ksa osQ
erkfèkdkj tSls ekeyksa dks mBk;kA dgk tk ldrk gS fd Hkkjrh; fL=k;ksa osQ vkUnksyuksa us nks y{;ksa dh izkfIr
osQ fy, dk;Z fd;kμ(i) fL=k;ksa osQ mRFkku osQ fy,] vFkkZr~ lkekftd jhfr;ksa esa lqèkkj dj fL=k;ksa dks lekt esa

jpukRed Hkwfedk osQ fy, ;ksX; cukuk] (ii) efgykvksa dks iq#"kksa osQ cjkcj o leku vfèkdkj fnykuk vFkkZr~
iq#"kksa dks feys gq, jktuSfrd] vk£Fkd o ukxfjd vfèkdkjksa dks fL=k;ksa dks Hkh miyCèk djkukA igys y{; dks
^lkewfgd ukjhoknh y{;* rFkk nwljs dks ¶mnkj ukjhoknh y{;¸ dgk tk ldrk gSA bu efgyklaxBuksa us ftu
j.kuhfr;kas dks viuk;k os gSaμtu lHkkvksa esa ek¡xs j[kdj ljdkjh vfèkdkfj;ksa osQ le{k fopkj j[kdj] leL;kvksa
osQ vkadyu osQ fy, lfefr;k¡ cukdj rFkk fL=k;ksa dks vkUnksfyr djus osQ fy, lHkkvksa dk vk;kstu djosQA
Hkkjrh; efgyk vkUnksyuksa dks izsfjr djus okys dkjd gSaμfL=k;ksa dh lgk;d Hkwfedk dh fopkjèkkjk ij if'peh
f'k{kk dk izHkko] f'kf{kr o oqQyhu fL=k;ksa }kjk oqQ'ky usr`Ro iznku fd;k tkuk] èkeZ }kjk ekU;rk izkIr lkekftd
izFkkvksa esa ifjorZu osQ fy, iq#"k lekt lqèkkjdksa }kjk :fp ysuk] lkekftd] èkk£ed ,oa nk'kZfud n`f"Vdks.kksa esa
ifjorZu] Lo;alsoh laxBuksa dk iq#"kksa }kjk fojksèk u djuk] rFkk jk"Vªh; jktuSfrd usrkvksa dk bu vkUnksyuksa
dkleFkZu djuk vkfnA 1953 esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk LFkkfir osQUnzh; lekt dY;k.k cksMZ Hkh fL=k;ksa osQ dY;k.k
osQ fy, ,sfPNd iz;Ruksa dks cy iznku djrk gS rFkk izksRlkgu nsrk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj dk dY;k.k ea=kky; Hkh uxjksa
esa dkedkth efgykvksa osQ vkokl x`g fuekZ.k o foLrkj gsrq LoSfPNd laxBuksa dks vuqnku nsrk gSA jkT; ljdkjsa
Hkh viuh ;kstukvksa osQ ekè;e ls èku iznku djrh gSa rkfd tu lg;ksx ls efgyk e.My] x`g dY;k.k] osQUnz]
xzkeh.k efgykvksa osQ fy, Vªs¯ux oSQEiksa dk vk;kstu rFkk osQoy efgyk lnL;ksa osQ lg;ksx ls lgdkjh lfefr;ksa
dk lapkyu fd;k tk losQA

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