Page 173 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

bdkbZ—9% fL=k;ksa dh izfLFkfr

rFkk oqQN lkekftd izFkkvksa dks lekIr djus ;k muesa ifjorZu djus osQ fy, lger gks xbZA uksV
vkt Hkkjr esa fL=k;ksa dh D;k fLFkfr gS\ mudh fLFkfr esa ifjorZu dk fo'ys"k.k oSQls djrs gSa\ fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr
osQ ewY;kadu esa fuEu ik¡p fofèk;ksa dk izeq[k :i ls iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSμ

1- ,sfrgkfld fofèk (Historical Method)μ;g fofèk izkphu lekt esa rFkk mlosQ eè;dky o orZeku
dky esa fpjLFkkf;Ro ij osQfUnzr djrh gSA lekt oSKkfud efgykvksa dh fLFkfr osQ ckjs esa eq[; fu"d"kZ
izeq[k bfrgkldkjksa vkSj nk'kZfudksa] tSls vYVsdj] bUnzk] nkl vkSj dosZ vkfn osQ ys[kksa ls fudkyrs gSaA oqQN
fo}kuksa dk fookl gS fd èkeZxzUFkksa rFkk vrhr osQ miyCèk vfHkys[kksa ls osQoy mnkgj.k izLrqr djuk gh
,sfrgkfld fo'ys"k.k ugha gSA vr% blls feF;k fu'd"kZ ;k fiQj vfr'k;ksfDr;k¡ fudy ldrs gSaa os
lekt'kkL=kh ftUgsa ifjdYiuk&fuxeu fofèk (Hypothetico-deductive method) }kjk voO;k[;koknh
fofèk;ksa (Reductionist procedures) esa n{krk izkIr gS] os Hkh ,sfrgkfld lkexzh osQ vkèkkj ij fL=k;ksa

dh fLFkfr dk vè;;u djuk ;fn vlEHko ugha rks dfBu vo'; ekurs gSaA
2- vvkuqHkfod oS;fDrd vè;;u fofèk (Non-Empirical Case Study Method)μbl fofèk esa
fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr dk fo'ys"k.k fir`lÙkkRed (patriarchy) lkekftd O;oLFkk osQ lanHkZ esa fd;k tkrk
gS] ;k fiQj ;kSu vlekurk vkSj fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr osQ chp lEcUèk osQ vkèkkj ijA fL=k;ksa osQ fuEu Lrj
dh O;k[;k dk vkèkkj iq#"kksa dk fL=k;ksa osQ Åij izHkqRo jgk gS tks bfrgkl fl¼ Hkh gS rFkk lkaLÑfrd
n`f"V ls Hkh ekU; gSA
3- vUr% O;fDrxr 'kfDr osQ ewY;kadu dh vkuqHkfod fofèk (Empirical Method of Assessing

Inter-personal Power)μbl fofèk fL=k;ksa ij iq#"kksa osQ izHkqRo dk vè;;u djrh gS] fdUrq ml
fir` lÙkkRed O;oLFkk ls i`Fkd ftldk fd ;g ,d Hkkx gSA bl fofèk dh ekU;rk gS fd leL;k (fuEu
fLFkfr dh@'kks"k.k@dh@vfèkdkjksa osQ oapuk dh) fL=k;ksa ij izHkqRo dh gS vkSj bldk lekèkku blosQ fo#¼
la?k"kZ esa fufgr gSaA bl vuqlaèkku us lkekftdh Lrj ij lajpukRed vlekurk ij è;ku osQfUnzr ugha
fd;k gS] cfYd ifjokj osQ Hkhrj gh vlekurk ,oa 'kfDr larqyu ij fd;k gSA bl fofèk esa fL=k;ksa dh
mPp fLFkfr dk lEcUèk lerkoknh fu.kZ; djus ls gS rFkk fuEu fLFkfr dk lacaèk xSj lerkoknh fu.kZ;
lsA vkuqHkfod vè;;u ls fofoèk leqnk;ksa] oxks± ,oa Jsf.k;ksa dh mu fL=k;ksa osQ lkFk xgu lk{kkRdkj
lfEefyr gSa] ftu (fL=k;ksa) dks vius ifr;ksa rFkk llqjky okyksa osQ fofoèk O;ogkjksa dk vuqHko gSA
;|fi ;g vkuqHkfod vuqlUèkku fofèk fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr rFkk ifr;ksa osQ izHkqRo osQ chp osQ lEcUèkksa ij
ewY;oku lk{; izLrqr djrh gS] ijUrq bldk osQUnz fcUnq cgqr lhfer gS rFkk ;g lekt esa fL=k;ksa dh
lkekU; fLFkfr dk okLrfod fp=k izLrqr ugha djrhA og fir` lÙkkRed] lkekftd o lkaLÑfrd lanHkZ
ftuesa ifjokj iaQlk jgrk gS rFkk ftuesa oSokfgd lEcUèkksa dh Hkwfedk pyrh jgrh gS] dh vuns[kh dh
xbZ gSA

4- ukjhoknh ek=kkewyd vuqlUèkku fofèk (Feminist Quantitative Research Method)μbl vkuqHkfod
fofèk esa fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr dh rqyuk iq#"k dh fLFkfr ls egRoiw.kZ vk;keksa esa dh xbZ gSA osQLVhZ byks
osQ vuqlkj bl izdkj osQ vk;ke vk£Fkd] 'kSf{kd] jktuSfrd rFkk oSèkkfud Hkh gks ldrs gSaA vyx&vyx
en (item) lwph (index) esa izR;sd pkjksa vk;keksa osQ fy, rFkk lEiw.kZ lwph osQ fy, fefJr dj fn,
tkrs gSaA ;s lwfp;k¡ ^lokZfèkd* (most) ls ^U;wure* (least) lekurk osQ fy, in Øe iznku djrh gSaA
5- vkuqHkfod ek=kkewyd vkSj xq.kkRed iz'ukoyh fofèk (Empirical Quantitative and Qualitative
Questionnaire Method)μbl fofèk esa ifjokj ls ckgj rFkk Hkhrj vUrO;ZfDrxr lEcUèkksa rFkk

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