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bdkbZ—9% fL=k;ksa dh izfLFkfr
blosQ Lrjksa vkSj ijrksa (tkfr vkSj oxZ lfgr)] iq#"k&L=kh dh dYiukvksa ij fofHkUu fopkjksa] ;FkkFkZrk] uksV
ifjokj esa fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr] vkSj dke esa yxh gqbZ efgykvksa osQ ckjs esa fopkjksa dks le>saA rduhdh vkSj
f'kYifoKkuh; izxfr us fL=k;ksa osQ neu vkSj 'kks"k.k dks pqukSrh ugha nh gSA iq#"k&L=kh lEcU/
fu;a=k.k&fu;af=kr lEcU/ osQ :i esa cus gq, gSaA blfy, vkt Hkh tkfr] oxZ vkSj iq#"k&L=kh lEcU/ksa osQ
chp fudV dk cU/u gSA fiQj Hkh fiNys oqQN o"kks± esa fL=k;ksa }kjk lekurk izkIr djus dh bPNk cM+s iSekus
ij izdV dh xbZ gSA egkuxjksa vkSj cM+s 'kgjksa esa bldk ewrZ izHkko Hkh iM+k gSA bl lkekftd {ks=k esa vkSj
Hkh cgqr dk;Z djus dh vko';drk gSA
9-6 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
vkRekoewY;uμviuk voewY;u djukA
voekuukμvoKk] vieku] frjLdkjA
mi'keuμ'kkar djuk] 'kkar gksuk] fuokj.kA
ijkuqHkwfrμnwljs dh vuqHkwfrA
9-7 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
1. Hkkjr esa ¯yx&Hksn dh fLFkfr dk foospu dhft,A
2. izkphu Hkkjr esa fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr dk laf{kIr o.kZu dhft,A
3. Hkkjr esa fL=k;ksa dh D;k fLFkfr gS\ lfoLrkj ls O;k[;k dhft,A
4. efgykvksa osQ fo#¼ gksus okyh ¯glk dk o.kZu dhft,A
5. fL=k;ksa dh iq#"kksa osQ lkFk lekurk dh [kkst ls vkidk D;k iz;kstu gS\
6. fL=k;ksa dh izfLFkfr dks mPp djus esa L=kh laxBuksa vkSj lkekftd vkanksyuksa us fdl izdkj ;ksxnku fd;k gS\
7. Hkkjr esa 'kks"k.k vkSj neu ls fL=k;ksa dks eqDr djokus osQ fy, rkRdkfyd mik;ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
mÙkj% Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)
1. 1. ([k) 2. (x) 3. (d) 4. (x)
2. 1. fujaoqQ'k vf/iR; 2. efgyk laxBuksa 3. csÙksbZ
4. Hkwfedk 5. ,sfrgkfld rF;
3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
9-8 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)
iqLrosaQ 1. ,e- ,u- Jhfuokl] lks'ky psat bu ekWMuZ bfM;k] cdZys% ;wfuoflVh vkWiQ oSQfyiQksfuZ;k izsl] 1996 A
a
Z
2. ohUlsV ,- fLeFk] fgLVªh vkWiQ bfUM;k yUnu% vkDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh izsl] 1970 A
3. lh-Vh- [kUuk] baVj dkLV ,.M baVj dE;qfuVh eSfjt bu bafM;k] ikWiqyj cqd fMiks] ckWEcs] 1960 A
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 179