Page 180 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV 1970 rd xHkZikr dks oSèkkfud n`f"V ls vijkèk ekuk tkrk FkkA 1971 esa fpfdRlk xHkZ lekiu vfèkfu;e
(Medical Termination of Pregnency Act) ikfjr fd;k x;k ftlosQ ekè;e ls xHkZorh efgyk o xHkZikr
'kY;d (abortionist) nksuksa dks gh xHkZikr dh vuqefr iznku dj nh xbZA ;g vfèkfu;e vizsy] 1972 esa ykxw
fd;k x;k rFkk ;g osQoy ckjg lekIr rd osQ xHkZ osQ xHkZikr dh vuqefr osQoy jftLVMZ MkWDVj dks nsrk gSA
xHkZ osQ osQoy bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gh lekIr djus dh vuqefr nh xbZ gS% ;fn xHkZorh efgyk osQ thou dks
tksf[ke gks mlosQ 'kkjhfjd o ekufld LokLF; dks xaHkhj gkfu dh vk'kadk gks ;k fiQj bl ckr dk Hk; gks fd
tUe ysu okyk cPpk viax ;k 'kkjhfjd o ekufld vlekurkvksa (abnormalities) osQ lkFk tUe ysxkA xHkZikr
,sls ekeyksa esa Hkh LohÑr gksrk gS tgk¡ xHkZ dk dkj.k cykRdkj ;k xHkZ fujksèkd fofèk;ksa dh vliQyrk jgk gksA

9-4-11 vk£Fkd foèkku

vk£Fkd foèkkuksa ls lacafèkr fo"k; gSaμlEifÙk dk vfèkdkj] leku ikfjJfed] dk;Z djus dh n'kk,a] izlqfr ykHk]
rFkk dk;Z lqj{kk (job security)A ,d efgyk osQ lEifÙk vfèkdkj dk vFkZ gS mldk iRuh] iq=kh] foèkok rFkk
ek¡ osQ :i esa lEifÙk dk vfèkdkjA fgUnw mÙkjkfèkdkj vfèkfu;e] 1956 osQ vuqlkj u osQoy iq=kh dks gh mlosQ
HkkbZ osQ cjkcj dk Hkkx firk dh lEifÙk esa feyrk gS] cfYd ,d foèkok dks Hkh vius e`r ifr dh lEifÙk esa
ls mlosQ iq=kksa vkSj iqf=k;ksa osQ cjkcj dk Hkkx feyrk gSA bl foèkku us ^L=khèku* ,oa ^xSj L=khèku* osQ chp dk
Hksn Hkh lekIr dj fn;k gSA
tgk¡ rd leku ikfjJfed dk lacaèk gS] leku ikfjJfed vfèkfu;e] 1976 (Equal Remuneration Act,

1976) efgyk rFkk iq#"k dfe;ksa osQ ikfjJfed esa Hksn djus dh vuqefr ugha nsrkA tks ekfyd bu foèkkuksa dk
ikyu ugha djrs mu osQ fy, n.M dk izkoèkku gSA
dk;Z vofèk esa dk;Z n'kkvksa dk fu;a=k.k iSQDVªh vfèkfu;e] 1948 ls gksrk gSA fiQj] dk;Z ?k.Vs] lkIrkfgd foJke]
liQkbZ osQ Lrj] izdk'k O;oLFkk] rkieku] e'khuksa dh lhek cUnh] izkFkfed mipkj dh lqfoèkk] foJke x`g] vkfn
izkfoèkkuksa osQ vfrfjDr bl foèkku esa cPpksa osQ f'k'kq x`g (creches) LFkkfir djus dh rFkk efgykvksa osQ fy,
i`Fkd ls izlkèku (toilets) LFkkfir djus dk izkoèkku gSA efgykvksa osQ fy, ,d fnu esa vfèkdre ukS ?k.Vs rFkk
jkf=k 10 cts ls izk;% 5 cts osQ chp dksbZ Hkh dk;Z u djus nsus dk izkoèkku Hkh bl dkuwu esa gSA

vkèkqfud L=kh dks vki fdl :i esa ns[krs gSa\

9-4-12 jktuSfrd vfèkdkj

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku }kjk iznÙk efgykvksa dks nks ize[k vfèkdkj gSaμefgykvksa dks erkfèkdkj vkSj foèkku e.My osQ
fy, ;ksX;rkA efgyk erkfèkdkj dh ek¡x loZizFke 1917 esa dh xbZ Fkh] fdUrq lkmFk cjks izsQUpkbt desVh us
1918 esa bl ekax dks vLohdkj dj fn;kA 1919 esa ljdkj us jkT; ljdkjksa dks vfèkdkj ns fn;k fd os L=kh
erkfèkdkj osQ lacaèk esa vius vyx foèkku ykxw djsaA bl izdkj osQ foèkku jktdksV esa 1923 esa] VªkoUdksj dksphu
esa 1924 esa] enzkl o mÙkj izns'k esa 1925 esa] iatkc o vlke esa 1926 esa] rFkk fcgkj vkSj mM+hlk esa 1929
esa ikfjr fd, x,A (Jane Matson, 1971: 108-110)A 1935 osQ Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e esa 'kSf{kd ;ksX;rk osQ
vkèkkj ij L=kh erkfèkdkj iznku fd;k x;kA iQyLo:i] 1937 esa 56 efgykvksa us pquko osQ ekè;e ls foèkku
e.Myksa esa izos'k fd;kA Lora=krk osQ ckn L=kh ernkrkvksa dh la[;k rFkk jkT; foèkku e.Myksa rFkk yksd lHkk esa
efgyk izfrfufèk;ksa dh la[;k esa i;kZIr o`f¼ gqbZ gSA

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