Page 236 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV 2- ;krk;kr ,oa lapkj ds lk/uksa dk fodkl (Development of the means of transport and
communication)—;krk;kr ,oa lapkj ds lk/uksa esa ifjorZuksa us 'kkjhfjd xfr'khyrk dks c<+k fn;k gSA
ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa jgus okys O;fDr;ksa ds vrfeJ.k ls vf/dka'k Hkzkafr;k¡ nwj gks x;h ,oa mnkj
fopkjksa dk fodkl gqvkA tkfr&iz.kkyh dks /Ddk yxk ,oa vLi`';rk&lEcU/h fopkjksa esa Hkh ifjorZu
vk;kA ;krk;kr ds lk/uksa dh o`f¼ us xzkeh.k leqnk; ds /eZ fujis{krk esa dkiQh lgk;rk dh gSA
3- lkekftd ,oa /kfeZd lq/kj vkanksyu (Social and religious reform movements)—Hkkjrh;
usrkvksa] ;Fkk jktk jkeeksgu jk;] lj lS;n vgen [kk¡] ds'kopUn lsu] Lokeh n;kuUn] nsosUnzukFk VSxksj
,oa egkRek xka/h }kjk pyk, x, fofHkUu lkekftd ,oa /kfeZd lq/kj vkanksyuksa us Hkh Hkkjr esa /eZ
fujis{krk dh izfØ;k dks xfr iznku dhA
4- uxjhdj.k (Urbanization)—/eZ fujis{krk xzkeh.k thou dh vis{kk uxjh; thou esa vf/d izeq[k
gSA edkuksa d deh] ;krk;kr ,oa lapkj ds lk/uksa dh cgqyrk] vkfFkZd leL;kvksa] 'kksHkkpkj] f'k{kk]
uxjh; lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd lajpuk] ik'pkR; laLd`fr dk uxjh; thou ij izHkko] O;fDrokn&bu
lHkh rRoksa us uxjh; n`f"Vdks.k dks /eZ fujis{k cuk fn;kA
5- fo/ku (Legislation)—vaxzst 'kkldksa us vusd vf/fu;e] ;Fkk fo/ok iqufoZokg dkuwu] 1856_ tkfr
v;ksX;rk,¡ mUewyu vf/fu;e] 1850] fo'ks"k fookg dkuwu] 1872 ikfjr fd, ftUgksaus Hkkjrh; yksxksa ds
:f<+xr fopkjksa ij izgkj fd;kA vk/qfud le; esa fgUnw fookg dkuwu 1955_ fgUnw mÙkjkfèkdkj dkuwu]
1956_ fgzUnw fo/ok iqufoZokg dkuwu] 1956_ ikyu&iks"k.k dkuwu ,oa nÙkd&xzg.k dkuwu us fookg ,oa
ifjokj dh fgUnw laLFkkvksa ds /eZ fujis{krk esa ;ksx fn;k gSA
6- Hkkjrh; lafo/ku (Indian constitution)—Hkkjr ds lafo/ku us /eZ fujis{krk dh izfØ;k dks nzqr
cuk;k gSaA la'kksf/r izLrkouk esa Hkkjr dks /eZ fujis{k /ksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA lHkh ukxfjdksa dks tkfr] fyax
vFkok lEiznk ds HksnHkko ds fcuk leku vf/dkjh dk fo'oklk fnyk;k x;k gSA lkoZtfud dq,¡ ,oa
fouksn&LFkku lHkh tkfr;ksa ds fy, leku :i ls [kqys gSaA ukxfjdksa dks dksbZ Hkh O;olk; djus dh NwV
gSA vLi`';rk dks vijk/ ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA /eZ dh Lora=krk ls lEcfU/r /kjk,¡ 27&30 Hkkjr dks
/eZ fujis{k jkT; cukrh gSA Hkkjrh; lafo/ku us Hkkjrh; thou dh /eZ fujis{krk esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku
fn;k gSA
7- ik'pkR; laLd`fr (Western culture)—ik'pkR; laLd`fr ds izHkko us Hkkjrh; thou dks /eZ fujis{k
cuk;k gSA ik'pkR; laLd`fr HkkSfrdokn] O;fDrokn] fo"k;klfDr] v/eZokn ,oa LoPNanrk ij cy nsrh
gSA blus Hkkjr esa yksxksa ds ikfjokfjd lEcU/ksa ,oa n`f"Vdks.k dks izHkkfor fd;k gSA dsoy /eZ gh vc
fookg] f'k{kk] fyax ,oa ikfjokfjd thou vFkok vkfFkZd xfrfof/;ksa ls lacaf/r fo"k;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k ugha
djrkA ik'pkR; laLd`fr ds izHkkok/hu Hkkjrh; laLd`fr us u, fopkjksa dks vkRelkr~ dj fy;k gSA
lkaLd`frd xfrfof/;ksa dh /kfeZd O;k[;k dk LFkku /eZ fujis{k O;k[;k us ys fy;k gSA /eZ fujis{krk
ds izHkko dks lkfgR; ,oa dyk ds {ks=kksa esa Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gS ftuds fo"k; vc /eZ fujis{k]
oSKkfud] rdZ;qDr ,oa iztkra=kh; fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr djrs gSaA Hkkjr ,d /eZ fujis{k jkT; gS] vr,o
jkT; }kjk izpkj ds lHkh lk/u /eZ fujis{krk dk izpkj djrs gSaA

12-4-2 /eZ fujis{krk dk izHkko

/eZ fujis{krk us fdlh vU; /eZ dh vis{kk fgUnw /eZ dks vf/d izHkkfor fd;k gSA bldk dkj.k ;g ekywe
gksrk gS fd fgUnw /eZ esa dksbZ ,slh LFkk;h vdsyh /kfeZd iz.kyh ugha gS ftldk ,sls lHkh yksxksa }kjk tks Lo;a
dks fgUnw dgrs gSa ikyu fd;k tkuk vfuok;Z gksA fgUnqRo ,d O;kid /eZ gS ftlesa vusd lEiznk; lfEefyr
gSa tks fofHkUu nsorkvksa esa fo'okl djrs gSa ,oa fofHkUu /kfeZd usrkvksa dk vuqlj.k djrs gSaA bu lHkh lEiznk;ksa

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