Page 238 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV 12-5 oS'ohdj.k (Globalisation)

oS'ohdj.k dh izfØ;k gekjs ;gk¡ vkSj vU;=k Hkh vkfFkZd lq/kjksa ds lkFk tqM+h gqbZ gSA vfer HkknqM+h vkSj nhid
uSÕ;j dgrs gS fd Hkkjr ljdkj us ftl mnkjhdj.k dh uhfr dks viuk;k gS og vius vki esas ,d :f<+oknh
O;oLFkk gSA bl uhfr ds dkj.k oS'ohdj.k gky esa u;s vk;keksa dks igq¡p jgk gSA bu vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa ds vuqlkj
oS'ohdj.k ds rhu egÙoiw.kZ vkfFkZd igyw gSaA igyk rks igyw ;g gS fd blls ;kuh oS'ohdj.k ls vUrjkZ"Vªh;
ck”kkj [kqy x;k gSA vc dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ns'k ds fdlh Hkh dksus ls nwljs ns'k ds fdlh Hkh dksus ds lkFk O;kikj
dj ldrk gSA oS'ohdj.k dk nwljk igyw ;g gS fd vc vUrjkZ"Vªh; fuos'k (International Investment)
ljyrk ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA fdlh Hkh ns'k dk O;fDr gekjs ;gk¡ m|ksx pykus ds fy;s] dkj[kkuk [kksyus ds
fy; iw¡th yxk ldrk gSA ,d rhljk igyw vkSj gS vkSj og ;g dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; lgk;rk
dks dke esa fy;k tk ldrk gSA bl Hkk¡fr vxj ge vkfFkZd lan'kZ esa ns[ksa rks oS'ohdj.k us Hkkjr ds vFkZ ck”kkj
esa rhu u;h izfØ;k,¡ izkjEHk dj nh gS%
1- [kqyk vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj (Open International Trade)

2- vUrjkZ"Vªh; fuos'k (International Investment)
3- vUrjkZ"Vªh; foÙk (International Finance)
vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k vkSj fo'o cSad us ftl dk;Z i¼fr dks vkfFkZd lq/kjksa ds rRoko/ku esa pyk;k gS blds
dbZ ifj.kke gesa ns[kus dks feys gSaA vc vk;s fnu ubZ rduhdh bl ns'k esa vk jgh gS] lwpuk dk ,d iwjk usVodZ
ns'k esa iSQy x;k gS vkSj vkfFkZd lsokvksa us lEiw.kZ ns'k dks vius esa lessV fy;k gSA ;gk¡ ;g vo'; dguk pkfg;s
fd oS'ohdj.k us lkaLd`frd {ks=k esa Hkh dbZ u;s vk;ke izLrqr fd;s gSaA ysfdu vHkh ge oS'ohdj.k ds vkfFkZd
ifj.kkeksa dks Hkh ns[ksaxsA vc cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;k¡ gekjs ns'k esa LFkkfir gks x;h gSaA blds ifj.kkeLo:i /M+kèkM+
u;s mRiknu ckgj vk jgs gSaA ns'k esa miHkksDrkokn fujUrj c<+ jgk gSA tks Hkh cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;k¡ ns'k esa dke
dj jgh gS Li"V :i ls mudk mís'; equkiQk dekuk gSA os ;g bjknk ugha j[krh fd fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks
fodflr fd;k tk;sA bl vFkZ esa ns'k esa tks Hkh fons'kh fuos'k gks jgk gS mldk mís'; LFkkuh; ck”kkj dks vius
gkFk esa ys ysuk gSA ljdkj us ns'kh vkSj fons'kh fuos'k ds fy, dj dk ,d gh VsfjiQ (Tariff) ykxw fd;k gSA
;g lekurk oYMZ cSad vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k ds vkxzg ls yk;h x;h gSA ljdkj us mnkjhdj.k ds uke ij bls
ykxw dj fn;k gSA okLro esa bldk ykHk fons'kh fuos'kd ysrs gSa vkSj ;g lc /u ckgj pyk tkrk gSA ckr ;g
gS fd mnkjhdj.k vkSj futhdj.k dh uhfr ds vUrxZr geus LFkkuh; fuos'k dks izksRlkfgr ugha fd;k gS vkSj
ifj.kkelo:i bldk ykHk fons'kh fuos'kdksa dks feyrk gSA gekjh futhdj.k dh uhfr esa ,d vkSj nks"k gSA ge
iw¡th ds fuos'k dks ns'kh vkSj fons'kh nksuksa ds ykHk ds fy;s le>rs gSaA gesa ”kksj ;g nsuk pkfg, fd uhfr fuos'k
dk mís'; fodkl gksuk pkfg,] equkiQk ughaA bl Hkk¡fr oS'ohdj.k dk cgqr l'kDr vk/kj vkfFkZd gS vkSj blfy,
oS'ohdj.k mRiknu dk fons'kh fuos'k gS vkSj blh rjg oS'ohdj.k foÙkh; lek;kstu dk ,d lk/u gSA
ysfdu oS'ohdj.k vUrjkZ"Vªh; ck”kkj gh ugha gS] vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj gh ugha gS] vUrjkZ"Vªh; fuos'k gh ugha gS] ;g
,d rkdroj lkaLd`frd izfØ;k Hkh gSA bl igyw ds vkykspd dgrs gSa fd oS'ohdj.k vkSj dqN u gksdj
vesjhdk vkSj ;wjksi dk lkaLd`frd lkezkT;okn (Cultural Imperialism) gSA vc ge blds lkaLd`frd vkSj
lkekftd i{k dks ns[ksaxsA

oS'ohdj.k% laLÑfrd vkSj lkekftd igyw
bUVjus'kuy lksf'k;ksykWth (International Sociology) vUrjkZ"Vªh; lekt'kkL=kh; leqnk; dk ,d eq[; i=k gSA
blus vius [k.M 15] twu 2001 ds vad esas oS'ohdj.k dh ,d cgqr cM+h O;k[;k dh gSA ;g vad fo'ks"kkad
gS vkSj bldk Fkhe oS'ohdj.k gh gSA blds lEikndh; esa xksju FksjcksuZ (Goran Therborn) us ,d l'kDr

232 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY