Page 233 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

bdkbZ—12% ifjorZu dh izfØ;k,¡

12-3-8 vk/qfudhdj.k dh leL;k,a uksV
vk/qfudhdj.k dh dqN leL;k,a fuEuor gSa%

1- vk/qfudhdj.k dk izFke fojks/kHkkl ;g gS fd ,d vk/qfud lekt dks rqjUr gj izdkj ds cny tkuk
pkfg,] ysfdu ,sls fu;fer ,oa fodkl dk lefUor Lo:i dk vuqekfur fu;kstu ugha dks ldrkA
vr% ,d izdkj dh lkekftd gypy iSnk gks gh tkrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] tu f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh ekax gS
fd n{k (trained) O;fDr;ksa dks mudh Vsªfuax rFkk muds Kku ds vuqdwy O;kolkf;d Hkwfedk esa yxk
nsuk pkfg,A ysfdu lHkh f'kf{kr yksxksa dks dke fnykuk lnSo lEHko ugha gksrk gSA blls f'kf{kr yksxksa
esa fujk'kk ,oa vlarks"k iSnk gksrk gSA

2- nwljh leL;k ;g gS fd vk/qfudhdj.k dh vof/ esa lajpukRed ifjorZu vleku gksrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ]
m|ksx vk/qfud cuk, tk ldrs gSa ysfdu ifjokj O;oLFkk] /eZ O;oLFkk vkfn #f<+oknh gh cus jgrs gSaA
bl izdkj dh fuo`fÙk;k¡ o vfofPNUurk,a vkSj ifjorZu ds Lo:i] LFkkfir lkekftd vkSj vU;
lajpukvksa dks izHkkfor djrs gSa vkSj vUrjky (lags) o xR;ojks/ (bottlenecks) iSnk djrs gSaA bldk
nwljk mnkgj.k gS Hkkjr esa erkf/dkj dh vk;q 21 ls de djds 18 o"kZ dj nsukA ;g vk/qfudrk esa
izos'k dk ,d dne gks ldrk gS] fdUrq blus ,d ladV iSnk dj fn;k gS D;ksafd fuokZpd lewg bl
vuqeku ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd muesa ukxfjdrk dh ifjiDo Hkkouk gksxh rFkk uhfr;ksa esa Hkkxhnkjh dh
;ksX;rk gksxhA
3- rhljh leL;k gS fd lkekftd o vkfFkZd laLFkkvksa dk vk/qfudhdj.k ijEijkxr thou 'kSyh ds lkFk
la?k"kZ iSnk djrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] izf'kf{kr MkWDVj ijEijkxr oS|ksa ds fy, [krjk gks tkrs gSaA blh izdkj
e'khuksa }kjk oLrq,a ?ksjyw Jfedkaa dks jksth jksVh ls oafpr dj nsrh gSaA blh rjg cgqr ls ijEijkoknh yksx
mu yksxksa ds fojks/h gks tkrs gSa tks vk/qfudrk Lohdkj djrs gSaA iQyr% ijEijkoknh vkSj vk/qfud
rjhdksa esa la?k"kZ vlarks"k dk dkj.k gks tkrk gSA
4- pkSFkh leL;k ;g gS fd vDlj yksx tks Hkwfedk,a /kj.k djrs gSa] os vk/qfud rk gksrh gSa] fdUrq ewY;
ijEijkRed :i esa tkjh jgrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] esfMflu vkSj ltZjh esa Vsªfuax ysus ds ckn Hkh ,d MkWDVj
vius ejht ls ;gh dgrk gS] ¶eSa bykt djrk gw¡] bZ'oj Bhd djrk gSA¸ ;g n'kkZrk gS fd mls vius
ij fo'okl ugha gS fd og chekjh dk lgh funku dj lds cfYd Lo;a ij vkjksi yxkus dh ctk;
og mu rjhdksa dh fuUnk djrk gS ftuesa mldk thou&ewY;ksa dks fodflr djus ds fy, lkekthdj.k
fd;k x;k gSA

5- ik¡poh leL;k ;g gS fd mu lk/uksa ds chp tks vk/qfud cukrh gSa vkSj mu laLFkkvksa o O;oLFkkvksa
esa ftudks vk/qfud gksuk gS lg;ksx dh deh gSA dbZ ckj blls lkaLd`frd foyEcuk (cultural lag)
dh fLFkfr iSnk gks tkrh gS rFkk laLFkkRed la?k"kZ gksrs gSaA

6- vafre leL;k ;g gS fd vk/qfudhdj.k yksxksa dh vkdka{kkvksa dks c<+krk gS] ysfdu lkekftd O;oLFkk,¡
mUga vkdka{kkvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, volj iznku djus esa vliQy jgrh gSaA ;s dq.Bk, oapuk,a vkSj
lkekftd vlarks"k iSnk djrh gSA

12-3-9 O;fDr dk vk/qfudhdj.k
vk/qfudhdj.k dk mís'; lekt ds lHkh yksxksa ds fy, lH; o mfpr thou Lrj izkIr djkuk gSA blesa vkfFkZd]
lkekftd] jktuSfrd rFkk lkaLd`frd ifjiDork dk fopkj Hkh lfEefyr gSaA blls vf/d] blesa euq"; ds
LoHkko dk iw.kZ ifjorZu okafNr gS ,slk ifjorZu tks fd ,ysDl bfdYl ds vuqlkj lkè; ds fy, lk/u ugha
gSa] cfYd fodkl izfØ;k dk lkè; Lo;a gSA

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