Page 272 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV ,- vkj- nslkbZ us tks ewy ck/k,a crkbZ gSa% (i) vrhr ls oa'kkuqØe esa izkIr lkekftd ,oa laLFkkRed jpuk ,oa
ewY; (vFkkZr~ tkfr O;oLFkk) vkSj (ii) fiNM+h gqbZ fu"Bk osQ fy, yxkoA
;|fi tkfr&O;oLFkk Hkkjr osQ lafo/ku osQ }kjk lS¼kfUrd vksj U;kf;d n`f"V ls lekIr dj nh xbZ gS] ysfdu
okLrfod thou esa bldk egRo] vkfFkZd fodkl ij bldk vlj] lEifÙk lEcU/ksa osQ Li:i o miHkksx osQ
Lo:i ij bldk izHkko vkSj vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd] lkekftd ,oa lkaLd`frd {ks=kksa esa 'kfDr&lajpuk osQ la:i ij
blosQ izHkko dks vHkh rd Bhd ls ugha le>k x;k gSA blfy, bldk xEHkhj :i ls de vuqeku yxk;k x;k
gSA tkfr yksxksa dh xfr'khyrk jksdrh gS tks fd xfroku vkfFkZd fodkl osQ fy, vfr vko';d gSA ;g dqN
lewgksa dks dqN O;olk; djus ls jksdrh gS rFkk dqN vkfFkZd O;ogkj osQ Lo:iksa dks o miHkksx osQ dqN Lo:iksa
dks jksdrh gSA ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd vFkZO;oLFkk] iz'kklu vkSj lkaLd`frd dkedkt esa fu;a=k.k osQ cgqr ls in
Hkkjr esa dqN gh tkfr;ksa osQ ,dkf/dkj (monopoly) esa gSaA okLro esa] dqN gh tkfr;ka Hkkjr osQ yksxksa osQ HkkX;
dks fu;af=kr djrh gSa ftlls {ks=kh; o tkrh; ruko o lkekftd v'kkfUr mRiUu gksrh gSA ;gh v'kkfUr
fo'ks"kkfèkdkj izkIr lewgksa (privileged groups) esa Lo;a osQ chp rFkk muosQ vkSj vYi fo'ks"kkf/d`r osQ chp
dVq Li/kZRed la?k"kZ dks thfor j[krh gS rFkk bldk dkj.k Hkh gSA LoLFk jk"Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij bldk izfrdwy
izHkko iM+rk gSA
,d nwljk lekt'kkL=kh; izHkko ;g Hkh gS fd fiNMh gqbZ fu"Bk,a lekt esa teh jgrh gSa ftuosQ iQyLo:i
xqVokn (factionalism) rFkk Hkkjrh; tu dk rqPN vga okys NksVs&NksVs lewgksa esa foHkktu gksrk gS tks fd
fodflr jk"Vªh; psruk osQ fy, gkfudkjd gSA dqN izdkj dh fu"Bk,a (tkfr fu"Bk osQ vfrfjDr) tks Hkkjr esa
lnSo cuh jgrh gSa os gSa% ukrsnkjh fu"Bk] {ks=kh; igpku rFkk /kfeZd yxkoA bl izdkj osQ foHkktu lekt esa
,drk dh Hkkouk dks vkSj lekt osQ lnL;ksa osQ chp dh igpku esa jksd yxkrs gSaA ,sls i;kZoj.k esa ik;k tkus
okyk vkn'kkZRed ncko (normative pressure) O;fDr osQ O;ogkj rFkk lEcU/ksa ij Hkh izfrdwy izHkko Mkyrk
gSA

nslkbZ dk ekuuk gS fd ;g ladh.kZ LFkkuh; ekufldrk (parochial mentality) iqjkus izdkj dh laLFkkvksa osQ lkFk
dbZ izdkj ls vkfFkZd fodkl esa ck/k mRiUu djrh gS% (i) ;g HkkbZ Hkrhtkokn (nepotism) dks izksRlkgu nsrh
gS_ (ii) ;g vuqRiknd fuos'k (investment) rFkk xyr miHkksx osQ Lo:iksa tSlh gkfudkjd izFkkvksa dks iSnk
djrh gS_ (iii) blls dk;Z] dk;Z dq'kyrk] O;olk;] rFkk lk/uksa osQ vkoaVu (allocation) osQ izfr nzf"Vdks.k esa
fod`fr mRiUu gksrh gS_ (iv) ;g mu ekU;rkvksa ,oa yksd jhfr;ksa (mors) osQ fodkl esa ck/k mRiUu djrh gS
tks fd vk/qfud le; dh vkfFkZd fodkl dh ewy vko';drk,a gSa] tSls dkuwu ij vk/kfjr yksdjhfr;k¡ o
vuq'kkfLr;k¡ (sanctions), O;fDrRo osQ fy, vknj rFkk leku ukxfjdrk dk fopkjA

;ksxsUnz flag (1973) us Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd fodkl esa ck/k,a bl izdkj crkbZ gSa% (i) vuqHkokrhrrk
(transcendence) (ftlosQ vuqlkj ikjEifjd ewY;ksa dh oS/rk dks pqukSrh ugha nh tk ldrh)] (ii) iw.kZrk
(holism) (ftlosQ vuqlkj O;fDr vkSj lekt (lewg) osQ chp lEcU/ bl izdkj dk ik;k tkrk gS fd O;fDr
vius fgr] vf/dkj ,oa vkdka{kkvksa dks lekt&dY;k.k ls uhps j[krk gSA bldk vFkZ O;fDr dh rqyuk esa
lewgokn dks izkFkfedrk nsuk Hkh gS)A (iii) laLrj.k (tkfr O;olk; o lkekftd izfLFkfr esa Lrjhdj.k)
(iv) fujUrjrk (deZ ,oa iqutZUe esa fo'okl] vkfn)A

14-2-3 vkfFkZd fodkl dh voLFkk,¡

jksLVkso us vkfFkZd fodkl dh ik¡p voLFkk,a crkbZ gSa% (i) ijEijkRed lekt (ii) mRFkku (iii) mRFkku (izkjaHk)
(iv) rduhdh ifjiDork dh izo`fÙk (v) mPp tu&miHkksxA
ijEijkRed vkt ewy :i esa d`f"V iz/ku gksrk gSA blosQ lnL; HkkX;oknh] vU/fo'oklh rFkk ckgjh lalkj osQ
izfr vufHkK gksrs gSaA ,sls lekt esa ifjokj] tkfr] xkao ;k u`tkfr (ethnic) lewg dh fu"Bk dh bdkbZ gksrs gSaA

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