Page 276 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_HINDI

lkekftd lajpuk ,oa lkekftd ifjorZu

uksV Lora=krk osQ i'pkr~ ljdkj us iap&o"khZ; ;kstukvksa osQ ekè;e ls vFkZ O;oLFkk osQ iqufuZekZ.k dk dk;Z izkjEHk
fd;kA vkfFkZd fodkl us ,d vksj rks lekt'kkL=h; leL;kvksa (vFkkZr~ lkekftd lEcU/ksa] lkekftd laLFkkvksa]
lkekftd ifjorZu dh ,tsfUl;ksa dh leL;k,a) dks tUe fn;k tks fd udkjkRed LoHkko dh Fkha vkSj nwljh vksj
ldkjkRed izdkj dh leL;kvksa dks HkhA udkjkRed lekt'kkL=kh; leL;k,a iqjkus lkekftd laLFkkvksa dh fLFkjrk
dk ifj.kke gSa] tSls fujadq'k la;qDr ifjokj vkSj ijEijkRed /kfeZd laLFkk,a] vkfnA lkekftd fu;a=k.k osQ iqjkus
Lo:iksa] tSls vizkd`frd ekU;rk,a] fujadq'k ekun.M rFkk ifjokj] tkfr] tutkfr] /kfeZd o vU; izpfyr
ekU;rkvksa osQ dkj.k Hkh leL;k,a mRiUu gqbZ gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr ;s leL;k,a ml iqjkus n`f"Vdks.k osQ dkj.k Hkh
iSnk gqbZ gSa tks ewyr% /kfeZd HkkX;oknh o yksdra=k&fojks/h gSaA vUrr% budk mn; vf'k{kk] csdkjh] Hkz"Vkpkj]
tkfrokn vkSj X+kjhch osQ dkj.k Hkh gqvk gSA ldkjkRed izdkj dh leL;kvksa dk mn; bu uhfr;ksa osQ dkj.k gqvk_
(i) vkS|ksxhdj.k] (ii) O;kolk;hdj.k (commercialisation), (iii) nzO;hdj.k (monetisation) (;kfu fd /u
vFkZO;oLFkk dk vkjEHk)A vkS|ksxhdj.kksa us iqjkuh Je&foHkktu O;oLFkk dks m[kkM+ iSQdk gS] rFkk u;s izdkj osQ
vuq'kklu o u;h thou iz.kkyh dh ekax djrs gq, u;s O;olkf;d Lo:iksa dks tUe fn;k gSA vkèkqfudhdj.k us]
fiQj pkgs og d`f"k esa gks ;k m|ksx esa] O;fDr dks mldh lkekftd bdkbZ;ksa osQ ijEijkRed izfØ;kvksa o izfof/
;ksa ls i`Fkd dj fn;k gS vksj O;fDr viuh ifjokj dh dq'kyrk vksj fof'k"Vrk ls ofUpr jg x;k gSA
O;kikjhdj.k ;k O;kolk;hdj.k us Hkh vusd leL;kvksa dks tUe fn;k gSA blls 'kfDr o lÙkk esa ifjorZu vk;k
gSA d`"kdksa vkSj mRikndksa osQ LFkku ij Hkw&Lokeh ,oa m|ksxifr ,oa iz'kkld] 'kkld&lewg gks x, gSaA xkoksa esa
jktuSfrd 'kfDr dk osQUnz cqtqxksa osQ LFkku ij lkgwdkj] O;kikjh] T+kehnkj rFkk vf/dkfj;ksa osQ gkFkksa esa gks x;k
gSA nzO;hdj.k us Hkh vusd leL;kvksa dks tUe fn;k gSA blus Hkwfe osQ eWy;ksa esa Hkkjh mrkj&p<+ko iSnk dj fn,
gSa] [kk| inkFkks± ds ewY;ksa esa foLrkj fd;k gS] nzO; Hkze (money illusions) vf/d iSnk dj fn;k gS] rFkk X+kSj
[kk| inkFkks± ij vf/d vuqikr esa O;; dks izksRlkgu fn;k gSA bu [krjksa osQ vfrfjDr nzO;hdj.k dh vFkZO;oLFkk
osQ izoks'k osQ lHkh O;fDr ifjokj osQ Hkhrj Hkh vf/d ,dkdh (atomistic) gksrk tk jgk gS vkSj ifjokj lEcU/
ksa dk fouk'k gks jgk gSA bl izdkj bu rhuksa izfØ;kvksa (vkS|ksxhdj.k] O;kolk;hdj.k rFkk nzO;hdj.k) us vla[;
lekt'kkL=kh; leL;kvksa dks tUe fn;k gSA

14-2-6 Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd fodkl dh ;kstuk vkSj lkekftd ifjorZu
;fn ge fczfV'k dky osQ Hkkjr osQ vkfFkZd fodkl dh rqyuk usg: ;qx (yxHkx chl o"kks± dk)] bfUnjk&jktho
;qx (chl o"kZ)] vkSj xr N% o"kks± (oh- ih- flag] pUnz'ks[kj rFkk ujflag jko ljdkjksa) dh rqyuk djsa rks ge
dg ldrs gSa fd Lora=krk osQ i'pkr dk vkfFkZd fodkl ,d ØkafUrdkjh ifjorZu gSA fczfV'k vkSifuosf'kd 'kklu
dky osQ nks lkS o"kks± esa (1757&1947) vkfFkZd fodkl 1» ls Hkh de jgkA ;g bruk n;uh; Fkk fd blus Hkkjr
dks ek=k dPps eky dh iwfrZ djus okyk gh cuk dj j[k fy;k vkSj Hkkjr if'pe osQ fy, fu;kZr ckT+kkj gh cu
dj jgk x;kA vkS|ksfxd {ks=k fczfV'k iwath osQ v/hu gks x;k rFkk tks vkS|ksfxd {ks=k dk Hkkx Hkkjrokfl;ksa osQ
gkFk esa Fkk] og Hkh fczfV'k ,stsfUl;ksa }kjk izcU/ fd;k tkrk FkkA d`f"k vFkZO;oLFkk esa cspkjk d`"kd tehankjksa o
lkgwdkjksa osQ paxqy esa iQal x;kA cpr vkSj fuos'k (investment) cgqr de FkkA izks|kSfxdh fuEu Lrj dh FkhA
fiNM+s {ks=kksa osQ fodkl }kjk izknsf'kd lUrqyu j[kus dh dksbZ fopkj/kjk ugha FkhA Hkkjr osQ fuekZ.k dk;ks± osQ fy,
fons'kh iw¡th miyC/ ugha FkhA fuEu vk; ls cpr Hkh U;wu gh gksrh gS ftlls fuEu fuos'k] fuEu fodkl Øe]
vkSj fuEu vk; gksrh gSA fu/Zurk osQ dqpØ dk fl¼kUr vkSj fujk'kk dh deh lekIr u gksus okyk pØ
vkSifuosf'kd dky dh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ mi;qDr gh FkkA
Lora=krk osQ i'pkr ubZ ljdkj osQ le> nks izdkj osQ dk;Z Fks% vkSifuosf'kd vFkZO;oLFkk dk fouk'k vkSj mlosQ
LFkku ij vk/qfud] Lora=k vkSj vkRefuHkZj vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fuekZ.k osQ fy, vk/kj rS;kj djukA ns'k dh uohu
vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa jk"Vªokn dk nLrkost (blue print) lekt dk lektoknh Lo:i 1955 osQ dkaxzsl vckM+h
vfèkos'ku (usg: ;qx esa) }kjk vkSj 1969 osQ caxykSj vf/os'ku (bfUnjk ;qx esa) }kjk miyC/ djk;k x;kA bl

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