Page 240 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV izLrkouk (Introduction)

,d le&ykxr js[kk og js[kk gS tks mRiknu osQ mu fofHkUu la;ksxksa dks O;Dr djrh gS ftudh oqQy
ykxr leku gksrh gSA vU; 'kCnksa esa] ;g js[kk nks lkèkuksa osQ mu fofHkUu la;ksxksa dks izdV djrh gS
tks ,d iQeZ leku ykxr ij izkIr dj ldrh gSA tSls fofHkUu le&mRikn oozsaQ gksrh gS] oSls gh fofHkUu
le&ykxr js[kk,¡ gksrh gSa tks mRiknu osQ fofHkUu Lrj dks O;Dr djrh gSaA

10-1 le&mRikn oØ D;k gS\ (What is an Isoquant Curve?)

mRiknu iQyu rFkk mRiknu osQ fu;e vè;k; esa geus ,d iQeZ osQ lacaèk esa ;g vè;;u fd;k fd og ,d
ifjorZu'khy lkèku dk vfèkd iz;ksx djosQ vFkok lHkh lkèkuksa dk vfèkd iz;ksx djosQ vius mRiknu esa
o`f¼ djrh gSA bl vè;k; esa ge ml iQeZ osQ lacaèk esa vè;;u djsaxs tks vius mRiknu dk foLrkj mu nks
ifjorZu'khy lkèkuksa dk iz;ksx djosQ djrh gS tks ,d nwljs osQ izfrLFkkiu (Substitute) gSaA bl mís';
osQ fy, ,d mRiknu iQyu (Production Function) osQ lkFk nks ifjorZu'khy lkèkuksa dks tksM+k tkrk
gSA eku yhft, ;s lkèku Je vkSj iw¡th gSaA iQeZ osQ mRiknu iQyu dks fuEu izdkj ls O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk
gSμ

Y = f (K, L)

(;gk¡ Y = mRiknu] K = iw¡th rFkk L = Je)
ifjorZu'khy lkèku vkil esa izfrLFkkiuh; (Substitutable) gSa vkSj izR;sd lkèku osQ lanHkZ esa ?kVrs
izfriQy dk fu;e ykxw gksrk gSA bl iQyukRed lacaèk esa Y ,d fuHkZj rÙo gS (Dependent Variable)
vkSj L rFkk K Lora=k (Independent) rÙo gSaA blfy, ;fn ge rhu rÙoksa (Je] iw¡th rFkk mRiknu) osQ
chp lacaèk dks fpf=kr djuk pkgrs gSa rc ,slk fp=k.k fp=kh; n`f"V ls osQoy f=k&vk;kRed (Three
Dimensional) fp=k }kjk gh O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gS] tks cgqr gh tfVy gksrk gSA bl lacaèk dks fpf=kr
djus osQ fy, rqyukRed :i ls vklku jkLrk ;g gS fd mRiknu Y dks fLFkj (Constant) eku ysukA rc
;g iQyukRed lacaèk (Functional Relation) gesa crykrk gS fd mRiknu dk ,d leku ;k fLFkj Lrj
fdl izdkj nks ifjorZu'khy lkèkuksa] tSls Je vkSj iw¡th] osQ fofHkUu la;ksxksa dh lgk;rk ls iSnk fd;k tk
ldrk gSA bl iQyukRed lacaèk osQ js[kkxf.krh; izLrqrhdj.k (Geometric Representation) dks
le&mRikn oØ (Isoquant Curve) dgk tkrk gSA le&mRikn oØ ,d rduhdh lacaèk gS tks ;g
izdV djrk gS fd lkèkuksa dks mRiknu esa fdl izdkj ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ,d oqQ'kyrk lacaèk
Hkh gS tks lkèkuksa dh ,d nh gqbZ ek=kk osQ iz;ksx osQ iQyLo:i mRiknu dh vfèkdre ek=kk dks izdV
djrk gSA (The isoquant curve is a technical relation showing how inputs are
converted into output. It is also an efficiency relation showing the maximum
amount of output with a given amount of inputs.)A vU; 'kCnksa esa] ;fn lkèkuksa dh ek=kk,¡ ,oa
dhersa nh gqbZ gSa rc og ykxrksa dks U;wurehdj.k (Minimisations of Costs) vFkok lkèkuksa osQ b"Vre
la;ksxksa dks izdV djrk gSA
Isoquant ;k Isoproduct 'kCn nks 'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS] Iso = equal (leku) vkSj quant
= quantity (ek=kk) ;k product = output (mRiknu)A vr% bldk vFkZ gS fd leku ek=kk vFkok
leku mRiknuA oLrqvksa osQ mRiknu osQ fy, fofHkUu lkèkuksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA bu lkèkuksa dk ,d nwljs
osQ fy, izfrLFkkiu fd;k tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] 100 ?kfM+;ksa dk mRiknu iw¡th dh 90 bdkb;ksa rFkk
Je dh 10 bdkb;ksa dh lgk;rk ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA vFkkZr~ ?kfM+;ksa dh bl la[;k vFkkZr~ 100 ?kfM+;ksa dk

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