Page 331 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 15 % vYikf/dkj osQ fl¼kar

Je foHkktu cktkj osQ vkdkj (Extent of the Market) ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ftu iQeks± osQ mRiknu uksV
dh cktkj ek¡x cgqr vfèkd gksrh gS mUgsa cM+s iSekus ij mRiknu djuk gksrk gSA cM+s iSekus ij mRiknu
djus gsrq Je foHkktu fd;k tkrk gSA mRiknu dk iSekuk ftruk fo'kky gksxk Je foHkktu osQ dkj.k
izfr bdkbZ vkSlr ?kVrh&c<+rh ykxr de gksrh tk,xhA bls gh iSekus dh cprsa dgk tkrk gS vkSj blh
dkj.k iQes± vius vkdkj dks fo'kky cukrh gSaA
(b) fLFkj ykxrsa (Fixed Costs)μfdlh ubZ oLrq dh cktkj esa ifjp; djkus dh ykxr dkiQh Å¡ph gksrh
gSA fdlh u, mRikn dh :ijs[kk cukuk rFkk mls cktkj esa mrkjuk bruk lgt ugha gksrkA izpfyr
izfr;ksxh okrkoj.k esa fdlh ubZ oLrq osQ mRiknu rFkk foi.ku (;k izpfyr oLrq osQ mRÑ"V :ikarj)
dh fu{ksi ykxr (Sunk Cost) cgqr Å¡ph gksrh gSA fu{ksi ykxr ml ykxr dks dgrs gSa ftldh
olwyh ugha gksrhA orZeku le; esa vkèkqfud rduhd }kjk fu£er oLrqvksa dh mRiknu ykxr cgqr Å¡ph
gksrh gSA cM+h iQes± ftudh fcØh dk iSekuk foLr`r gksrk gS rFkk mRiknu dh izfr bdkbZ ykxr de gksrh
gS mUgsa NksVh iQeks± dh rqyuk esa dher ykHk (Price Advantage) vfèkd gksrk gSA
(c) dk;Z{ks=k dh cprsa (Economies of Scope)μcktkj esa izos'k djuk ubZ oLrq dk ifjp; djkuk rFkk
izR;kf'kr xzkgdksa dks blosQ ckjs esa voxr djkuk vkfn dkiQh [kphZys dke gSaA budh ykxrsa izk;% cgqr
Å¡ph gksrh gSaA NksVh iQeks± dh oqQy fcØh ls bu ykxrksa dks iwjk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ;fn bUgsa iwjk
djus gsrq NksVh iQes± oLrq osQ nke Å¡ps djsaxh rks mudh fcØh vkSj Hkh ?kV tk,xh rFkk mUgsa cktkj esa
fVosQ jgus osQ ykys iM+ tk,¡xsA osQoy cM+h iQes± gh ftudh fofoèk izdkj dh oLrqvksa dh fcØh dk
vkdkj fo'kky gksrk gS fujarj c<+ jgh xSj&mRiknu ykxrksa osQ cks> dks mBk ldrh gSaA vius O;kid
vkdkj dh fo'ks"krk (fdlh fo'ks"k IykaV osQ vkdkj dh vis{kk) osQ dkj.k bu iQeks± dks dk;Z{ks=k dh
cprsa izkIr gksrh gSaA cM+h iQes± dk;Z{ks=k dh cprksa osQ dkj.k] bl ;ksX; gksrh gSa fd xSj&mRiknu lacaèkh
ykxrksa dks fofHkUu oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa] ftudk oks mRiknu djrh gSa] esa ck¡V losaQA vr% mudh oqQy
ykxr oØ uhps dh vksj >qdh jgrh gSA vYikfèkdkjh cktkj <k¡ps osQ mRiUu gksus dk ;g ,d vU;
dkj.k gSA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls lgh@xyr Nk¡fV,
(State whether the following statements are True/False)μ

9- vYikfèkdkj dk fl¼kar lewg&O;ogkj dk fl¼kar gS u fd tulewg vFkok O;fDrxr O;ogkjA
10- lewg&O;ogkj dk dksbZ lkekU; LohÑr fl¼kar ugha gSA
11- izR;sd vYikfèkdkjh m|ksx osQ vU; vYikfèkdkfj;ksa osQ O;kikj O;ogkj dk lroZQrk ls vè;;u ugha
djrk gSA
12- ,Me fLeFk osQ vuqlkj] Je foHkktu cktkj osQ vkdkj ij fuHkZj ugha djrk gSA

iQeks± }kjk l`ftr dkj.k (Firm-Created Causes)
tSlk fd Åij crk;k tk pqdk gS] vYikfèkdkjh iQeks± dk O;ogkj lkefjd gksrk gSA ;|fi m|ksx esa iQeks± dh
la[;k osQ ?kVus dh izo`fÙk ikbZ tkrh gS rFkkfi tks iQes± cph jgrh (Survivors) gSa muosQ vkSlr vkdkj osQ
c<+us dh izo`fÙk ns[kh tkrh gSA ,slk mu cph iQeks± osQ fofHkUu lkefjd vkpj.k (Strategic Practices)
osQ dkj.k gksrk gSA ;k rks cM+h iQes± cph gqbZ NksVh iQeks± dks [kjhn ysrh gSa ;k mudk foy; (Merger) dj
fn;k tkrk gSA ;g izfØ;k cph gqbZ iQeks± osQ vkdkj rFkk cktkj osQ fgLls dks c<+krh gS rFkk mUgsa vYikfèkdkjh
gksus osQ ukrs vfèkd ykHk dekus osQ ;ksX; cukrh gSA iQeks± esa ijLij izfr;ksfxrk Hkh de gks tkrh gSA

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