Page 326 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV cktkj esa vYikfèkdkj :i dk fyIlh us fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa o.kZu fd;k gS] ¶vYikfèkdkj oqQNsd iQeks± osQ
chp viw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk dk fl¼kar gSA bldk lacaèk ,sls m|ksx ls gksrk gS ftlesa osQoy oqQNsd izfr;ksxh iQes±
gksrh gSaA izR;sd iQeZ dh cktkj 'kfDr bruh gksrh gS fd og mls dher&Lohdkj cuus ls jksdrh gS] ¯drq izR;sd
iQeZ dks ,slh varj&iQeZ izfr}af}rk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS tks mls ;g lkspus ls jksdrh gS fd leLr cktkj
ek¡x mlh dh gSA¸ (Oligopoly is the theory of imperfect competition among the few; it
refers to an industry that contains only a few competing firms. Each firm has enough
market power to prevent its being a price taker; but each firm is subject to enough
inter-firm rivalry to prevent it considering the market demand curve as its own.
—Lipsey)

uksV~l vYikfèkdkj esa oLrqvksa dh ek¡x dh vkM+h yksp cgqr m¡Qph gksrh gS D;ksafd ;s oLrq,¡ fudV
izfrLFkkiu gksrh gSaA

15-1 vYikfèkdkj dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Features of Oligopoly)

vYikfèkdkj dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
1- FkksM+s ls foozsQrk vkSj vusd oszQrk (Few Sellers and Many Buyers)μvYikfèkdkj cktkj dh
ml voLFkk dks dgrs gSa ftlesa oqQN gh iQeks± dk m|ksx esa cksyckyk gksrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] Hkkjr
esa pkj oaQifu;k¡ Maruti, Hyundai, Cielo rFkk Tata 90 izfr'kr NksVh dkjksa dk mRiknu djrh
gSaA vYikfèkdkjh iQeks± }kjk mRikfnr dh tkus okyh oLrq,¡ le:i ;k foHksnewyd gks ldrh gSaA iQes±
viuh fØ;kvksa }kjk dher rFkk mRiknu dh ek=kk dks izHkkfor dj ldrh gSaA vYikfèkdkj esa oszQrkvksa
dh la[;k dkiQh vfèkd gksrh gSA
2- le:i ;k foHksnhÑr mRikn (Homogeneous or Differentiated Product)μvYikfèkdkjh
m|ksx esa iQes± ;k rks le:i oLrqvksa ;k foHksnhÑr oLrqvksa dk mRiknu djrh gSaA ;fn iQes± le:i oLrq
dk mRiknu djs tSls lhesaV ;k LVhy rks m|ksx dks 'kq¼ ;k iw.kZ vYikfèkdkj (Pure or Perfect
Oligopoly) dgk tkrk gSA ;fn iQes± Hksnewyd oLrq dk mRiknu djsa tSls eksVj dkjsa rks m|ksx dks
foHksnhÑr vFkok viw.kZ vYikfèkdkj (Differentiated or Imperfect Oligopoly) dgk tkrk gSA
3- ijLij var£uHkZjrk (Mutual Interdependence)μiQeks± dh ijLij var£uHkZjrk vYikfèkdkj dh
,d egÙoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk gSA var£uHkZjrk dk vFkZ gS fd iQes± ,d&nwljs dh dher rFkk mRikn lacaèkh
fu.kZ;ksa ls cgqr vfèkd izHkkfor gksrh gSaA ,dkfèkdkj rFkk izfr;ksfxrk esa iQes± Lora=k fu.kZ; ysrh gSa vkSj
dk;Zokgh djrh gSa rFkk mUgsa bl ckr dh ijokg ugha gksrh fd muosQ fu.kZ; rFkk dk;Zokgh dk vU;
iQeks± ij D;k vlj iM+sxk ;k vU; iQeks± dh izfrfØ;k dk mu ij D;k izHkko iM+sxkA ¯drq ,d
vYikfèkdkjh iQeZ Lora=k fu.kZ; ugha ys ldrhA pwafd vYikfèkdkj esa iQeks± dh NksVh&lh la[;k
,d&nwljs ls izfr;ksfxrk djrh gS] blfy, ,d iQeZ dh fcØh ml iQeZ }kjk yh tkus okyh dher rFkk
vU; iQeks± }kjk yh tkus okyh dher ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ;fn ,d iQeZ dher dks de djrh gS rks
ml dh fcØh c<+sxh ¯drq m|ksx dh vU; iQeks± dh fcØh ?kV tk,xhA ,slh voLFkk esa] cgqr laHko
gS] fd vU; iQes± Hkh viuh dherksa dks de dj nsaA vU; iQeks± }kjk dherksa dks ?kVkus ls igyh iQeZ
osQ ykHk ?kV tk,¡xsA vr% viuh dherksa dks ?kVkus dk fu.kZ; ysus ls iwoZ] igyh iQeZ bl ckr dk iwoZ
vuqeku rFkk fglkc yxk,xh fd vU; iQeks± dh izfrfØ;k D;k gksxh rFkk ml izfrfØ;k dk mlosQ ykHk
ij oSQlk izHkko iM+sxkA vYikfèkdkj esa oLrqvksa dh ek¡x dh vkM+h yksp (Cross Elasticity) cgqr

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