Page 286 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV dks miHkksx ij u O;; fd, tk, vkSj mls cpk fy;k tk,A ;fn 45°
O;kikj izR;k'kk,¡ uhph gksa] rks gks ldrk gS fd O;kikjh Hkh vfèkd
C onsum ption T
fuos'k u djsaA bl rjg osQ [krjksa ls cpus osQ fy, ljdkj dks pkfg, C
fd og djksa esa deh osQ lkFk c<+s gq, ljdkjh O;; dh uhfr dk E 1 C
vuqlj.k djsA bldk xq.kd izHkko ml voLFkk esa dgha vfèkd gksxk] E
tc ge ;g Hkh eku ysa fd dj&jkgr osQ dkj.k oqQN miHkksx rFkk
fuos'k O;; Hkh c<+rs gSaA O Y Y 1
Income
(ii) cpr dk ctV (Surplus budget)µrsth esa jktdks"kh; uhfr
(Fiscal policy under boom)µctV esa cpr rc gksrh gS] tc fp=k 27-3
ljdkjh O;; jktLo ls c<+ tkrs gSaA vFkZO;oLFkk osQ Hkhrj LiQhfrdkjh nckoksa ij fu;a=k.k djus osQ fy, cpr
osQ ctV dh uhfr dk vuqlj.k fd;k tkrk gSA ;g djkèkku esa o`f¼
45°
vFkok ljdkjh O;; esa deh djus vFkok nksuksa osQ ekè;e ls gks ldrk
C
gSA blls vk; rFkk oqQy ek¡x esa deh gksxh] tks (deh) fd c<+s gq, E
C onsum ption 1
djksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i ljdkjh vFkok@rFkk futh miHkksx O;; esa deh E T C 1
dk xq.kd xq.k (multiplier times) osQ cjkcjh gksxhA bls fp=k 27-1
dh lgk;rk ls Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gS tgk¡ vFkZO;oLFkk E ij
1
izkjafHkd larqyu fLFkfr esa gSA eku yhft, fd ljdkjh O;; esa D G
O Y Y Incom e
ek=kk esa deh gks tkrh gS ftlls oqQy O;; iQyu uhps dh vksj ljd 1
dj C + I + G ij vk tkrk gSA tc E ubZ larqyu fLFkfr gS tks crkrh fp=k 27-4
gS fd ljdkjh O;; esa E B dh deh gks tkus osQ ifj.kkeLo:i vk;
1
OY ls fxjdj OY gks xbZ gSA vk; esa gksus okyh deh Y Y = AE > E B tks O;; esa deh gqbZ gS] D;ksafd
1 1 1
miHkksx esa Hkh BA dh deh gks xbZ gSA

tc djksa esa o`f¼ dh tkrh gS rks ljdkjh O;; osQ jgrs gq, Hkh cpr dk ctV gks ldrk gSA c<+s gq, dj yksxksa
dh izk;ksT; vk; dks ?kVkrs gSa vkSj miHkksx O;; esa deh dks izksRlkgu nsrs gSaA ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd oqQy ek¡x]
mRiknu] vk; rFkk jkstxkj esa deh gksrh gSA bls fp=k 27-3 esa Li"V fd;k x;k gSA dj yxkus ls igys C miHkksx
iQyu gSA eku yhft, fd ET osQ cjkcj dj yxk;k x;k gS rks miHkksx iQyu uhps dh vksj ljd dj C ij
1
vk tkrk gSA ubZ larqyu fLFkfr E gSA ifj.kker% vk; OY ls fxjdj OY gks tkrh gSA
1 1
(iii larqfyr ctV xq.kd (Balanced Budget Multiplier)µ,d vU; foLrkjoknh jktdks"kh; uhfr gSµlarqfyr
ctVA bl uhfr esa djksa esa o`f¼ rFkk ljdkjh O;; esa o`f¼ dh ek=kk leku gksrh gSA bldk ifj.kke ;g gksrk
gS fd 'kq¼ jk"Vªh; vk; c<+rh gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd dj yxkus osQ dkj.k miHkksx esa deh ljdkjh O;;
osQ cjkcj ugha gksrh gSA

2- {kfriwjd jktdks"kh; uhfr (Compensatory Fiscal Policy)

{kfriwjd jktdks"kh; uhfr dk y{;] lkoZtfud O;;ksa rFkk djksa dk tksM+&rksM+ djosQ] LiQhfr rFkk voLiQhfr osQ
izfr fpjdkfyd izo`fÙk;ksa osQ fo#¼ vFkZO;OkLFkk dh {kfriw£r djuk gSA blfy, blosQ fy, vko';d gks tkrk
gS] fd fdlh fuf'pr le; ij lnk osQ fy, mik;ksa dh ctk; nh?kZdky i;Zar jktdks"kh; mik; viuk,¡ tk,¡A
tc vFkZO;oLFkk eas voLiQhfrdkjh izo`fÙk;k¡ gksa rks ljdkj dks pkfg, fd ?kkVs osQ ctV rFkk djks esa deh osQ
ekè;e ls vius O;; ?kVk,A futh fuos'k esa deh dh {kfriw£r osQ fy, rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk osQ Hkhrj izHkkoh ek¡x]
jkstxkj] mRiknu vkSj vk; c<+kus osQ fy, ,slk djuk vko';d gSA nwljh vksj] tc LiQhfrdkjh izo`fÙk;k¡ gks rks

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