Page 153 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

iekweI 16: mudrw purqI : mudrw dI pirBwSw Aqy smStI ArQSwsqr iv`c iesdw m`hqv

√ÚÀ ÓπÒª’‰ (Self Assessment) È؇
irkq QwvW ƒ Bro (Fill in the blanks):
1. kryNsI ArQ-ivvsQW iv`c pRcilq isky Aqy ……………… dw kul joV hY[

2. mu`l sMcX dw AwDwr vI …………… dw m`hqvpurx kMm hY[

16.2 mudrw purqI dy do mu`K sMGtk-kryNsI Aqy mMg jmw (Two Principal Components
of Money Supply–Currency and Demand Deposits)
mudrw purqI dy do mu`K Gtk (1) kryNsI Aqy (2) bYNk jmwey hn[ iesdI ivsqwr nwl ivAiKAw hyT ilKI hY–

(1) kryNsI (Currency)

kryNsI qo Bwv cln iv`c isky Aqy not hn[
(i) isky (Coins) – Awjkl hr dyS iv`c srkwr rwhI isky jwrI kIqy jWdy hn, jdik purwxy smy iv`c injI
SMsQwvW vI isky jwrI kIqw krdI sI[ injI sMsQwvW rwhI jwrI kIqy jwx vwly isikAW dy vjn Aqy Dwqu dI
SuDqw dy sMbD iv`c srkwr pRiqbMD lgwieAw krdI sI ijdy nwl DooKy qo bicAw jw sky[ sonW Aqy cWdI mwn dy
iv`ckwl do qrW dy isky hoieAw krdy sn-purI qrW pRwmwixk isky (Full-bodied Standard Coins) Aqy sWkyiqk
isky (Token Coins)[ pr Awjk`l pRcilq pRbNiDq kryNsI pRxwlI (Managed Currency System) dy iv`ckwl,
purI qrW pRwmixk isko dI koeI apXoigqw nhI hY[ iesleI ieh hux cln dy iv`c nhI hY[ BwrqIAW ruipAW
n qW iek purI qrW pRwmwixk iskW hY Aqy n hI iek sWkyiqk isky hY[ 50 pYsy, 25 pYsy, 10 pYsy, 5 pYsy, 2
pYsy Aqy 1 pYsy vwly isky sWkyiqk isky hn[ sWkyiqk isky mudrw dI purqI dy m`hqvpurx Gtk nhI hY[ jykr
girbI dy kwrx Bwrq iv`c v`DI mwqrw iv`c Coty isky cln iv`c sn Pyr vI ieh kul mudrw purqI dw kyvl 3.5
pRiqSq ihsw hY[ Amyirkw vrgy ivkisq dysW iv`c, sWkyiqk isky kul mudrw purqI dy 2 pRiqSq qo vI G`t hn[
(ii) kryNsI not (Currency Notes) – mudrw purqI dw iek m`hqvpurx AMg kryNsI not huMdy hn[ Awjkl kryNsI
not jW qW dyS dw kyNdirAW bYNk jW srkwr jW dovy jwrI krdy hn[Bwrq iv`c iek rupy dw not Bwrq srkwr rwhI
Aqy bwkI hor not irjrv bYNk Aw`P ieMifAw rwhI jwrI kIqy jWdy hn[ ies qrW Bwrq iv`c kryNsI notW dw bhuq
v`Dw ihsw dyS dy kyNdrI bYNk (irjrv bYNk) rwhI jwrI kIqw jwdW hY[not jwrI krx (inrgmn) dI keI iviDAW
ho skdI hY ijvy, pRiqiniDqv, Awnupwiqk, nXunqm iniD, pirvrqnSIl, ApirvrqnSIl, Awid[ Dwqivk mwn
dy Xug iv`c kwgjI mudrw pRiqiniDqv huvw krdI sI[ dujy SbdW iv`c, ien notw dy pICy Sq-pRiqSq Dwqivk
koS riKAw jwdW sI[ jykr kyNdirAw bYNk iek krof rupy dy not jwrI krdw sI qW ausƒ iek krof rupy dw sonW
jW cWdI koS iv`c rKxw pYdw sI[ pRiqiniDqv kwgjI mudrw ƒ jwrI krx dy do muK ¿πÁ∂Ù ies qrW sI –(i) isky
Fwlx dy Krc dI bcq[(ii) DwqU ƒ iGsn nwl hox vwly nukswn qo bcwau[ pr not jwrI krx dI ieh pRxwlI
lochIn sI ikauik kwgjI mudrw dI purqI DwqU dy stw`k qy inrBr hoieAw krdI sI[ DwqU dy stw`k qo ieh v`D
nhI ho skdI sI[ pRiqiniDqv kwgjI mudrw dy doSW ƒ dUr krx dy leI Awnupwiqk iviD ƒ ApnieAw igAw[
swl 1956 q`k irjrv bYNk, Awnupwiqk koS pRxwlI (Proportional Reserve System) dy muqwbk kul notW
dy mul dw 40% ihsw sony, cWdI, ivdySI pRiqBuiqAW Aqy ivdySI mudrwvW iv`c rwiKAW jwdW sI[ swl 1956 qo
bwd G`t qo G`t iniD pRxwlI (Minimum Reserve System) ApnweI geI[ies iviD dy muqwbk, irjrv bYNk
ƒ 200 krof rupy dI G`t qo G`t iniD rKxw kwnunI qor qy AinvwrX kr iddw igAw hY, ijs leI 115 krof
rupy dw sonw cwihdw hY[ ies qrW 200 krof rupy dI G`t qo G`t iniD dy AwDwr qy irjrv bYNk iksy vI sImw
q`k not jwrI kr skdw hY[ ieh pRxwlI bhuq locSIl hY pr iesdy iv`c sdw v`D qo v`D notW dy pRswr dw fr
bixAw rihMdw hY[ kryNsI not pirvrqnSIl Aqy ApirvrqnSIl ho skdy hn[ pirvrqnSIl kwgjI mudrw
dy iv`ckwl modirk AiDkwrI ƒ siQr dr qy notW dw DwqU iv`c bdlwv krxw huMdw hY[ ApirvrqnSIl kwgjI
mudrw dy iv`ckwl, kyNdrI bYNk (modirk AiDkwrI) kwgjI notW ƒ sWkyiqk isko jW hor notW iv`c bdlwx dI
gwrxtI iddw hY, lyikn sony jw cWdI dy bdlwx dI nhI[ vrqmwn smy iv`c, ivsv dy swry dySW iv`c not jwrI

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 147