Page 169 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

iekweI–17: mudrw guxk Aqy vixijXk bYkW rwhI swK inrmwx

(1) nkd AwriSq Anupwq (Cash Reserve Ratio) - swK inrmwr dI Skiq mu`K qor qy nkd AwriSq Anupwq È؇
(CRR) qy inrBr krdI hY[ swK inrmwx Aqy nkd AwriSq Anupwq iv`c pwrspirk aultw sMbD hY[ nkd
AwriSq Anupwq ijnw v`D hovygw aunW hI swK dw inrmwx G`t hovygw[ iehdy ault nkd AwriSq Anupwq ijnW
G`t hovygw aunw hI swK dw inrmwx v`D hovygw[ audwhrx dy leI,

nkd AwriSq Anupwq (r) AwriSq jmw kul jmw iv`c viriD swK inrmwx
(Cash Reserve Ratio) (Primary  1  (Credit Creation)
Deposits)  ∆ D = ∆ P 
 r 
(Increase in Total
Deposits)
10% 1000 10,000 10,000 – 1,000 = 9,000
5% 1000 20,000 20 ,000 – 1 ,000 =
20% 1000 5,000 19,000
5,000 – 1,000 = 4,000

(ijQy, ∆P : pRwQimk jmw iv`c viriD; ∆D : kul jmw iv`c viriD; r : AwriSq nkdI iniD Anupwq)

auqy ilKy adwhrx qoN spSt hY ik jd nkd AwriSq Anupwq (r) 10 pRiqSq huMdw hY adoN kul jmw virDI
10,000 rupey huMdI hY[ jdoN nkd AwrkiSq Anupwq v`Dky 20 pRiqSq huMdw hY qdoN kul jmw iv`c virDI kyvl
5,000 rupey huMdI hY[ iesdy ivprIq , jdoN nkd AwriSq Anupwq G`t ky 5 pRiqSq huMdw hY qdo kul jmw iv`c
viriD 20,000 ru. hodI hY[

(2) pRwQimk jmwvW dI mwqrw (Amount of Primary Deposits) – swK inrmwx dw ivsqwr pRwQimk jmw
dI mwqrw qy inrBr krdw hY[ swK inrmwx Aqy pRwQimk jmw dw sIQw sMbD hY[ jykr pRwQimk jmw dI mwqrw
v`D hY qW swK dw inrmwx vI v`D hovygw Aqy jykr pRwQimk jmw dI mwqrw G`t hY qW swK dw inrmwx vI G`t
hovygw, Bwvy hI nkd AwriSq Anupwq (CRR) smwn rvy[ audwhrx dy leI, jykr
∆P = ` 1000 ; r = 10%  ∆D = ` 10,000
∆P = ` 500 ; r = 10%  ∆D = ` 5,000
∆P = ` 2000 ; r = 10%  ∆D = ` 20,000

jykr nkd AwriSq Anupwq (r) 10% hovy qW 1,000 ru. dI pRwQimk jmw dy 10,000 ru. dI kul jmw pRwpq ho
skdI hY[ dujI Aor, pRwQimk jmw 500 ru. rh jwx qy kul jmw kyvl 5,000 ru. q`k hI v`D skdI hY[ jykr
pRwQimk jmw 2,000 ru. ho qW kul jmw v`Dky 20,000 ho skdI hY[ iesleI AsI ies nqIjy qy puMjdy hW ik
jykr nkd AriSq Anupwq (r) siQr rhy qW pRwQimk jmw Aqy kul jmw dw prspr sIDw sMbD huMdw hY[
(3) lkW dI bYNikg sMbNDI Awdqy (Banking Habits of the People) – bYNkW dw swK inrmwx krx dI Skiq
lokW dI bYNikg sMbDI AwdqW qy vI inrBr krdI hY[ jykr lok Apxw krovwr ijAwdwqr cykW rwhI krdy hn
qW auhnW ƒ Apxy kol kuJ nkdI rKxI pwvygI[ Plsvrup bYkW dy kol nkdI bhuq v`D jwvygI ijdy nwl auhnW
dI swK inrmwx dI Skiq vI bhuq v`D jwvygI[ ivSv dy ivkisq dySW iv`c ieho ijhw hI huMdw hY[ pr G`t
ivkisq dySw dy lok ijAwdwqr Apxw kwrovwr nkdI rwhI krdy hn[ iesleI auhnW nkdI dy leI mMg sdw
v`D huMdI hY[ ies kwrx bYNkW dy nkd SyS G`t ho jWdy hn Aqy nwl hI auhnW dI swK inrmwx krx dI Skiq
vI G`t jWdI hY[
(4) kyNdrI bYNk dI swK nIqI (Credit Policy of the Central Bank) – dyS dy kyNdrI bYNk dI swK nIqI qy
vI ivAwpwirk bYNkW dI swK inrmwx krx dI Skiq inrBr krdI hY[ jykr kyNdrI bYNk ssqI swK nIqI (swK

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