Page 176 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ J mMg jmw (Demand Deposits) – ieh bYNkW dy kol lokW dy rwhI rwKI geI jmw rwiS hY ijsƒ iksy
vI vyly cyk dy mwiDAm nwl k`FieAw jw skdw hY[
J pRwQimk jmw (Primary Deposits) – lokW rwhI bYkW iv`co nkd rup iv`c jmw kIqI geI rwiS ƒ
pRwQimk jmw ikhw jwdW hY[
J dubwrw pYdw hox vwlI jW dujI jmw (Derivative or Secondary Deposits) – dubwrw pYdw hox vwlI
jmw pRwQimk jmw dy pirxwmsvrup huMdI hY[ ikauik vwixijXk bYk pRwQimk jmw dw iek ihsw nkd
dy rup iv`c rKky dujI jmw dw inrmwx krdy hn[
J nkd AwriSq Anupwq (Cash Reserve Ratio) – kul jmw dw auh ih`sw jyVw vwixijXk bYkW Apxy
kol rKdy hn ausƒ nkd AwriSq Anupwq ikhw jwdW hY[
J v`D qo v`D AwriSq jmw (Excess Reserves) – loxdwr nkd AwriSq Anupwq nwl bYNkW dy kol rwihx
vwly v`D nkd Anupwq ƒ v`D AwriSq jmw ikhw jwdW hY[

J swK sirjn dI h`dW (Limitations of Credit Creation) - (i) nkd AwriSq Anupwq: nkd AwriSq
Anupwq dy v`D hox nwl swK sirjn dI mwqrw G`t hovygI[(ii) pRwQimk jmw dI mwqrw: v`D pRwQimk
jmw v`D swK sirjn Smqw ƒ ivKwaudI hY[(iii) lokW dI bYNikg AwdqW: lokW rwhI v`D syvwvW dy apBog
nwl swK sirjn v`D huMdw hY[(iv) kyNdrI bYNk dI swK nIqI: kyNdrI bYNk dI ssqI swK nIqI v`D swK
sirjn suivDW prdwn krdI hY[(v) hor bYNkW dI swK nIqI: jykr swry bYNk iekjut hoky kMm krx qW
swK sirjn Smqw iv`c viriD hovygI[(vi) jmw krx vwilAW dw ivSvws (vii) cMgy aDwr lYx vwilAW
dI aplbDqw (viii) ivAwpwirk jW AoDoigk AvsQwvW
J ivAwpwirk bYkW dI swK inrmwx krx dI SkqI dw sImWkn krx vwly do muK mwpk (Two Principal
Parameters that Delimit the Credit Creation Capacity of the Commercial Banks) –
(i) vwixijXk bYNkW dw nkd AwrSx (ii) kyNdrI bYNk dw nkd AwrSx Anupwq[

17.12 √≈≈ßÙ (Summary)

mudrw dI cln giq (Velocity of Money) dI Avhylnw nhI kIqI jwxI cwihdI[ iehdw Bwv ieh hY
ik mudrw dI iek iekweI (ijvy iek rupy dw not jW iskw) ƒ iknI vwr, ivinmX dy miDAm dy rup iv`c
pRXog ikqw jwdw hY[ mudrw dI cln giq ƒ jykr hær iekweI smy AviD jW iek pRvwh Dwrxw dy rup
iv`c mwipAW jwvy qW ieh vI mudrw purqI dI iek m`hqvpurx inrDwrk huMdI hY[

17.13 ÙÏÁ’ØÙ (Keywords)

J smJ-buJ (Discretion) – ivvyk[
J Amodirk (Non-monetized) – jyVI mudrw n hovy[

17.14 ¡«Ì¡≈√ ÍzÙÈ (Review Questions)

1. mudrw guxk qo qusI kI smJdy ho?
2. swK sirjn dI huNdw dw vrxn kro[
3. mudrw ArQ-ivvsQw iv`c ikvy pRcilq hMudI hY?

4. kI ArQ-ivvsQw iv`c mudrw dI purqI kyNdrI bYNk dI ieCw qy inrBr krdI hY?

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