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yksd foÙk

uksV 19-4-1 Dykfldy n`f"Vdks.k (Classical Viewpoint)µlarqfyr ctV (Balanced Budget)
Dykfldy ys[kdksa osQ vuqlkj ctV dk lkj gS jktLo rFkk O;; osQ eè; lUrqyuA ;g /kj.kk O;fDrxr vkpj.k
osQ lkn`'; (analogy) ij vk/kfjr gSA ftl izdkj O;fDr dks viuh vk; ls vf/d [kpZ ugha djuk pkfg,
mlh izdkj ljdkj dks pkfg, fd og vius O;; dks vk; dh lhek osQ vUnj gh lhfer j[ksA ,Me fLeFk osQ
'kCnksa esa] ¶izR;sd lhfer ifjokj osQ vkpj.k esa tks le>nkjh gS og ,d cM+s jkT; osQ lEcU/ esa 'kk;n gh ew[kZrk
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gks ldrh gSA¸ ;q¼ tSlh ladVdkyhu fLFkfr gh bl fl¼kUr dk viokn gks ldrh gSA vBkjgoha rFkk mUuhloha
lfn;ksa osQ fpUru dks blh /kj.kk us izHkkfor fd;kA cSLVsoy us fuEu 'kCnksa esa bl fopkj dks Li"V fd;k gSµ
¶lkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] foÙkh; fØ;kvksa osQ bu nks i{kksa osQ eè; lUrqyu gksuk pkfg,A vk; dh rqyuk esa O;;
dks vf/d ugha gksuk pkfg, ---- dj jktLo dks mruk gh olwy djuk pkfg, ftruk O;; dh vnk;xh osQ fy,
t:jh gSA¸
ctV esa ?kkVk dh lEHkkouk ls cpus osQ fy, cSLVkcqy us lykg nh fd ljdkj dks ctV esa ekewyh vfrjsd
(surplus) dk y{; j[kuk pkfg,A ,slk crk;k x;k fd ;fn lUrqfyr ctV osQ y{; dks R;kx fn;k x;k rks
ifj.kke gksxk viO;; ftlls ns'k dh le`f¼ #d tk;sxh vkSj vUrr% foÙkh; loZuk'k dh vksj dne c<s+xkA

izQkal esa ,Me fLeFk dks yksdfiz; cukus okys vFkZ'kkL=kh ts- ch- ls (J. B. Say) Hkh vlUrqfyr ctV osQ mrus
gh dêðj fojks/h FksA mudk dguk Fkk fd viO;;h (Wasteful) yksd [kpZ osQ dkj.k gh ctV esa ?kkVk gksrk
gSA yqV~t us lUrqfyr ctV dks foÙkh; fLFkjrk dk izrhd ekukA lkFk gh] ;g Hkh crk;k fd ,slk ctV futh
iz;klksa dks nh?kZdkyhu izsj.kk iznku djrk gS vlUrqfyr ctV ,slk djus esa v{ke gSA
Dykfldy vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk lUrqfyr ctV fl¼kUr iw.kZ jkstxkj dh ekU;rk ij vk/kfjr gSA bu vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dh
ekU;rk Fkh fd iw.kZ jkstxkj lkekU; fLFkfr gSA iw.kZ jkstxkj dh fLFkfr esa ctV ?kkVk osQ fy, foÙk yksd m/kj
ls izkIr gksrk gSA yksd ½.k dk vFkZ gS futh jkstxkj ls gVkdj lk/uksa dks lkoZtfud :i esa yxkukA lEiw.kZ
Dykfldy vFkZ'kkL=k dh ;gh ekU;rk jgh gS fd lkoZtfud mi;ksx dh rqyuk esa futh {ks=k esa lk/uksa dk vfèkd
mRiknd mi;ksx gksrk gSA nwljk roZQ ;g Fkk fd ½.k osQ }kjk ?kkVs dh foÙk O;oLFkk dj dh rqyuk esa de
d"Vnk;d gSA vr% ctV ?kkVk mÙkjnkf;Roghurk dks tUe nsrk gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd vlUrqfyr ctV
osQ vUrxZr yksd O;; dk vuko';d foLrkj gksxkA rhljh ckr ;g gS fd Dykfldy vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dh /kj.kk
yksd O;; osQ lEcU/ esa vk/qfud vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa ls fHkUu gSA yksd ½.k osQ dkj.k yksd O;; osQ fy, vkSj vfèkd
foÙk tqVkuk dfBu gks tkrk gSA dkj.k ;g gS fd ½.k ij u osQoy C;kt dk Hkqxrku djuk iM+rk gS] cfYd
ewy/u dks okil Hkh djuk gksrk gS vkSj bu lc osQ fy, vfrfjDr dj yxkus dh t:jr gksrh gSA
lUrqfyr ctV osQ fl¼kUr esa ;g Lohdkj ugha fd;k x;k fd csjkstxkjh dk lekIr djuk ctV uhfr dk y{;
gSA blfy, ctV&lEcU/h bl /kj.kk dks fdlh fo'ks"k leL;k dk lkeuk djuk ugha iM+k fdUrq osQfUl;u ØkfUr
us ;g Li"V dj fn;k fd lUrqyu esa gksrs gq, Hkh vFkZO;oLFkk esa vuSfPNd csjkstxkjh cM+s iSekus ij fo|eku
jg ldrh gSA ;g Hkh crk;k fd iw.kZ jkstxkj dh izkfIr osQ fy, ekSfnzd uhfr Hkh vf/d dkjxj ugha gksrh gSA
vr% ctV uhfr dh lgk;rk ysuh iM+sxh vkSj rc lUrqfyr ctV osQ fl¼kUr dk dksbZ egÙo ugha jg tkrk gSA
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larqfyr ctV esa yksd O;; yksd jktLo ls vf/d ugha gksrk gSA MkYVu (Dalton) dk dguk gS fd ;gk¡ rhu
izkjfEHkd iz'u mBrs gSaA (i) yksd O;; esa D;k&D;k 'kkfey djuk pkfg,\ (ii) ^jktLo* esa D;k&D;k 'kkfey djuk
pkfg,\ (iii) fdl vof/ esa ctV dks larqyu esa jguk pkfg,\
yksd O;; osQ lEcU/ esa MkYVu dk dguk gS fd blls yksd ½.k osQ lHkh Hkqxrku dks i`Fko~Q j[kuk pkfg,A
mlh rjg oSls yksd fuekZ.k (public works) ij [kpZ] ftldk foÙk iks"k.k ½.k osQ }kjk gksrk gS] dks Hkh 'kkfey
ugha djuk pkfg,A mudk dguk gS fd ctV dk pkyw ctV (Current Budget) rFkk iw¡th ctV esa foHkktu

1. “What is prudence in the conduct of every private family can scarcely by folly in that of
a great kingdom.” —Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations.
2. H. Dalton, Principles of Public Finance, 1947, p. 301.

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
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LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
238 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY