Page 246 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV (i) jktLo ctV esa jktLo dk O;; osQ cjkcj gksukA vr% bl ctV esa u rks vfrjsd gksxk vkSj u gh ?kkVkA ;fn
O;; dh rqyuk esa jktLo vf/d gks rks mls vfrjsd ctV (Surplus Budget) dgk tk,xkA blosQ foijhr
jktLo dh rqyuk esa O;; osQ vf/d gksus ij mls ?kkVs dk ctV (Deficit debt) dgk tkrk gSA lUrqfyr ctV
dh fLFkfr esa fuf/d ½.k (Funded debt) dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA (fuf/d ½.k og gS ftls ,d o"kZ
osQ vUnj gh okil dj fn;k tkrk gSA)
(ii) larqfyr ctV osQ lEcU/ esa nwljh /kj.kk ;g gS fd pkyw O;; dk foÙk iks"k.k pkyw jktLo (dj jktLo
$ xSj dj jktLo) osQ }kjk gksrk gS rFkk iw¡th ctV nksuksa gh larqyu esa jgrs gSaA
(iii) larqfyr ctV dh rhljh /kj.kk og gS tgk¡ lexz larqyu (overall balance) dh ckr dgh tkrh gSA ,sls
larqyu esa fo'ys"k.k esa jktLo ,oa iw¡th ctVksa dks lkFk feykdj ns[kk tkrk gS rFkk jktLo ,oa iwath ctVksa esa
vyx&vyx larqyu dh ckr ugha dgh tkrh gSA ,sls gh larqyu dks uhps dh rkfydk esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA larqfyr
ctV dh bl /kj.kk osQ vuqlkj jktLo ctV esa vfrjsd ;k ?kkVk gks ldrk gSA ,slk vfrjsd ;k ?kkVk iwath ctV
esa gLrkUrfjr (transfer) gks tk,xkA
lexz ctV larqyu

izkfIr;k¡ (Receipts) O;; (Expenditure)

A. jktLo (dj ,oa xSj&dj) D. okLrfod ,oa foÙkh; ifjlEifÙk dk vtZu
(udn dks NksM+dj)
B. fucy ½.k (net borrowing) E. udn esa o`f¼ ($) ;k deh (µ)

C. pkyw O;;
larqyu % A + B = C + D + E
vc le; osQ iz'u dks ysaA ikjEifjd /kj.kk ;g gS fd izfro"kZ ctV esa larqyu gksuk pkfg,A MkYVu dk dguk
1
gS fd ok£"kd larqyu esa dksbZ fo'ks"k xq.k ugha gS] ;|fi ;gh lokZf/d mi;qDr vof/ gSA okbuj dk dguk gS
fd ¶vk£Fkd ifjfLFkfr ij è;ku fn;s fcuk ctV esa ok£"kd larqyu dh ckr djuk ,d Hkzkafr gSA ;fn izfro"kZ
2
larqyu dh t:jr gS] rks izfr ekl ;k izfr lIrkg ;k izfr ?kaVk D;ksa ugha\¸ vk£Fkd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fopkj djrs
gq, ctV esa pØh; larqyu (cyclical balance) dh /kj.kk dk tUe gqvkA blosQ vuqlkj O;kikj pØ dh
lEiw.kZ vof/ dks ns[kuk pkfg, vkSj lEiw.kZ vof/ esa oqQy feykdj ctV dks larqyu esa j[kuk pkfg,µ O;kikj
pØ osQ le`f¼ dky esa ctV esa vfrjsd rFkk eUnh dky esa ?kkVkA

19-4-2 vk/qfud /kj.kkµvlarqfyr ctV

larqfyr ctV dh /kj.kk dh ped ml le; de gks tkrh gS tc cM+s iSekus ij vuSfPNd csjkstxkjh fo|eku
jgrh gSA blfy, osQUl] gkUlsu] csojht] MkYVu vkfn dk dguk gS fd ctV uhfr dk mís'; iw.kZ jkstxkj dh
izkfIr gksuk pkfg, ;g fopkj Dykfldy vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dh /kj.kk ls fHkUu gS D;ksafd iw.kZ jkstxkj dh izkfIr osQ
fy, ctV uhfr osQ mi;ksx dh ckr ugha djrsA

Dykfldy rFkk vk/qfud fopkjksa osQ vUrj dks le>us osQ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd lkoZtfud cpr osQ lEcU/
esa nks /kj.kkvksa esa iQoZQ dks le>k tk;sA Dykfldy O;oLFkk esa iw.kZ jkstxkj osQ Lrj ij izkIr lEiw.kZ vk; dks
miHkksx rFkk fofu;ksx ij fiQj ls [kpZ dj fn;k tkrk gSA cpr Lor% fofu;ksx esa ifjo£rr gks tkrh gSA vr%

1. “There is no special virtue in a year, though this is the most usual priod.”
—Dalton, op. cit., p. 303.
2. “It is a mouldy fallacy that regardless of circumtances, the government must balance its
budget in each year why not in each month or week or hour?”

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