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yksd foÙk
uksV 8-3 lkjka'k (Summary)
• lkekftd&jktuhfrd fl¼kar dks teZuh osQ ,MksYiQ oSxuj (Adolph Wagner) us izfrikfnr fd;kA bl
fl¼kar dh ewy èkkj.kk ;g gS fd djksa dk pquko mlosQ lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd mís';ksa osQ vkèkkj ij
fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
• dj&iz.kkyh dk mís'; lekt osQ lnL;ksa dh O;fDrxr vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djuk ugha] izR;qr
;FkklaHko iwjs lekt osQ fgrksa dh j{kk djuk gksuk pkfg,A
• dksbZ Hkh vkèkqfud ljdkj ,d ewd n'kZd dh Hkkafr lekt dks bu leL;kvksa osQ gkFkksa ihfM+r ugha ns[k
ldrhA bu leL;kvksa osQ lekèkku esa lekt dh lgk;rk djuk bldk ,d ewy dÙkZO; ekuk tkrk gSA
• dk;Zokgd fl¼kar dh rqyuk esa lkekftd&jktuhfrd dj dk fl¼kar vfèkd Lohdk;Z gSA ijarq bl
fl¼kar esa dbZ =kqfV;k¡ Hkh gaSA blesa dj&iz.kkyh dh uSfrdrk vFkkZr dj&Hkkj osQ vkoaVu esa U;k;ksfpr
lekurk ij è;ku ugha fn;k x;kA
8-4 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
• deh'ku (Commission)µvk;ksxA
• djkjksi.k (Taxation)µdj yxkukA
8-5 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
1- lkekftd&jktuhfrd fl¼kar dh O;k[;k djsaA
2- lkekftd&jktuhfrd fl¼kar dk ewY;kadu djsaA
mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer : Self Assessment)
1. lR; 2. vlR; 3. lR;A
8-6 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)
iqLrosaQ 1. yksd foÙkµU;w jkW;y cqd oaQiuhA
2. yksd foÙkµ,p-,y- HkkfV;k] fodkl ifCy¯'kx gkml izk- fy-A
3. euh cSa¯dx ,aM ifCyd iQkbusalµlaqnje oh] vYiQk ifCy-] 2009A
4. ifCyd iQkbusalµlqizhr ¯lg ,aM vfuy osQ- xqIrk] MksehusaV] 2012A
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
82 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY