Page 91 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ —9% Hkqxrku lkeF;Z osQ fl¼kar % oLrqijd ,oa O;fDrijd n`f"Vdks.k

gksa rks pkj cPpksa ls ;qDr fookfgr ;qxy osQ eqdkcys ,d oqQ¡vkjs ;k vfookfgr O;fDr esa dj nsus dh lkeF;Z uksV
vf/d gksrh gSA
(?k) miHkksx (Consumption)µ;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd miHkksx&O;; dks O;fDr dh dj vnk djus dh
lkeF;Z dk eki cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A dHkh&dHkh ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd lEifÙk vkSj vk; osQ vk/kj ij cuk;s
x;s dj le&U;k;iw.kZ ugha gksrs gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i] djnkrk vusd izdkj ls mUgsa fNikus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA vr%
izks- fiQ'kj us vkSj vHkh gky gh esa] izks- oSQYMksj us O;; ij dj yxkus dh fli+Qkfj'k dhA ijUrq okLrfodrk ;g
gS fd dj vnk djus dh lkeF;Z osQ miHkksx&ekin.M dks dHkh dksbZ fof'k"V LFkku izkIr ugha gqvkA
dj nsus dh lkeF;Z dks oSQls ekik tk tk,\ (How to measure Ability?)

Hkqxrku&lkeF;Z osQ fl¼kUr osQ vUrxZr ,d ekSfyd leL;k ;g mRiUu gksrh gS fd O;fDr dh dj vnk djus
dh lkeF;Z dks ekik oSQls tk,\ bl mís'; dh iwfrZ osQ fy, nks n`f"Vdks.kksa dk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSµ
(1) O;fDrijd ;k HkkoukRed n`f"Vdks.k (subjective approach),

(2) oLrqijd ;k cká n`f"Vdks.k (objective approach)A
O;fDrijd n`f"Vdks.k osQ vUrxZr] djnku lkeF;Z dks ekius osQ fy, R;kx fl¼kUr (sacrifice theory) dk
mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj oLrqijd n`f"Vdks.k esa] bl dk;Z osQ fy, mRiknd 'kfDr fl¼kUr (faculty theory)
iz;qDr gksrk gSA

9-2 O;fDrijd ;k HkkoukRed n`f"Vdks.k (Subjective Approach)

O;fDrijd n`f"Vdks.k djnkrkvksa dh euksoSKkfud vFkok ekufld izfrfØ;kvksa ij vk/kfjr gSA O;fDrijd ;k
HkkoukRed n`f"Vdks.k esa] djnkrk dks djksa osQ vnk djus esa ekufld vlUrks"k] d"V rFkk vU; izdkj dh
vlqfo/k,¡ gksrh gSaA bl izdkj djnkrk tc dj dk Hkqxrku djrk gS rks mls R;kx djuk iM+rk gSA ;fn dj&Hkkj
dks U;k;iw.kZ jhfr ls ck¡Vk tk,] rks izR;sd djnkrk dks leku R;kx gh djuk gksxkA
O;fDrijd n`f"Vdks.k ls djkjksi.k osQ rhu vk/kj fy, tkrs gSaµ
(1) leku fujis{k R;kx (Equal Absolute Sacrifice)
(2) leku vkuqikfrd R;kx (Equal Proportional Sacrifice)
(3) lelhekUr R;kx vFkok U;wure oqQy R;kx (Equal Marginal Sacrifice or Minimum
Aggregate Sacrifice)A

bu /kj.kkvksa osQ izfriknu esa fuEu ekU;rk,¡ ysdj pyrs gSaµ
(i) vk; }kjk izkIr mi;ksfxrk dh la[;kRed eki (cardinal measurement) lEHko gSA
(ii) vk; esa o`f¼ osQ lkFk&lkFk lhekUr mi;ksfxrk esa ßkl gks tkrk gSA
(iii) vk; Lrj dh lhekUr mi;ksfxrk ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA lHkh O;fDr;ksa dh vk; dh bdkbZ o
mlls lEcfU/r lhekUr mi;ksfxrk leku gS] vr% mi;ksfxrk dh vUr%oS;fDrd rqyuk (inter-
personal comparison) lEHko gksrh gSA

9-2-1 leku oqQy R;kx (Equal Absolute Sacrifice)

bl n`f"Vdks.k osQ vuqlkj djkjksi.k rHkh U;k;laxr gks ldrk gS tcfd izR;sd O;fDr dh R;kx dh ek=kk cjkcj
gksA bl lEcU/ esa MkW- MkYVu dk dguk gS] ¶djkjksi.k osQ izR;sd nzO; osQ cks> dk forj.k bl izdkj ls gksuk
pkfg, fd lc djnkrkvksa ij izR;{k okLrfod Hkkj cjkcj gksA¸ 1

1. Dalton, op. cit., page 91.

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