Page 95 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ —9% Hkqxrku lkeF;Z osQ fl¼kar % oLrqijd ,oa O;fDrijd n`f"Vdks.k

uhps ys vkuk pkfg,A vkSj ;g izfØ;k ml le; rd tkjh jguh pkfg, tc rd fd vko';d ek=kk esa jktLo uksV
(revenue) izkIr u gks tk,A

VkLd leku vuqikrh R;kx rFkk leku lhekUr R;kx ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\

U;wure leLr R;kx dk fl¼kUr vFkok le&lhekUr R;kx dk fl¼kUr Li"Vr% vR;f/d vkjksgh dj <k¡ps dk
fuekZ.k djrk gSA vr% tSls fd izksñ ihxw us dgk gS fd le&lhekUr R;kx dk vFkZ gS fd] ¶djksa }kjk U;wure
vk; osQ Åij dh lHkh vkenfu;ksa dh pksfV;k¡ dye dj nh tk,¡ vkSj djk/ku osQ i'pkr~ lHkh
O;fDr;ksa osQ ikl leku vkenfu;k¡ NksM+h tk,¡A¸ ;gk¡ ;g Hkh vko';d gS fd U;wure Lrj dh vk;s okys
oxZ dks djk/ku ls eqDr j[kk tk;sA og U;wure Lrj dh vk; bruh vo'; gks fd mlls thou dh vfuok;Z
vko';drkvksa ij fd;k tkus okyk [kpZ iwjk gks tk;sA O;fDr ij dj yxkrs le; mlosQ ifjokj osQ vkdkj dks
Hkh vo'; gh n`f"Vxr j[kk tkuk pkfg,A

9-2-4 fl¼kUr dk eqlxzso mi;ksfxrk ekWMy (Musgrave’s Utility Model)

leku iw.kZ R;kx] leku vuqikrh R;kx vkSj leku lhekUr R;kx osQ fl¼kUr dks xf.krh; :i esa Hkh izLrqr fd;k
1
tk ldrk gSA izR;sd O;fDr tks R;kx djrk gS mldk eki vk; dh ml 'kfDr ls fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftls fd
og dj osQ :i esa NksM+rk gSA vc ;fn Y vk;] T = vnk fd;s x;s dj dh jkf'k vkSj U = oqQy mi;ksfxrk gS]
rks U(Y) = dj dh vnk;xh ls iwoZ miyC/ oqQy mi;ksfxrk vkSj U(Y – T) = dj vnk;xh osQ ckn Lok;Ùk
vk; (disposable income) ls izkIr oqQy mi;ksfxrk eku ysa rks (uhps dh vksj fy[ks x;s NksVs v{kj
(subscripts) A rFkk B fofHkUu O;fDr;ksa osQ lwpd gSa)A O;fDrijd R;kx n`f"Vdks.k (subjective
sacrifice approach) osQ rhuksa n`f"Vdks.kksa dks fuEu izdkj ls xf.krh; :i esa n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gS%

(d) leku iw.kZ R;kx (Equal Absolute Sacrifice)µ
[U(Y) – U(Y – T)] = [U(Y) – U(Y – T)] bR;kfnA
A B
([k) leku vuqikrh R;kx (Equal Proportional Sacrifice)µ
U(Y) − L U(Y − T)O L U(Y) − U(Y − T)O
M N U(Y) P M U(Y) P B Q
=
A Q N
(x) leku lhekUr R;kx Equal Marginal Sacrifice)µ
L da (Y − T)O L d (Y − T)O
M N d (Y − T) P M d (Y − T) P B Q
=
A Q N
9-2-5 fl¼kUr dk js[kkadu :i (Diagrammatic Representation)

izksñ eqlxzso Musgrave) us leku R;kx ls lEcfU/r rhu igyqvksaµleku oqQy R;kx] leku vkuqikfrd R;kx
vkSj leku lhekUr R;kx dks js[kkfp=k&5 }kjk iznf'kZr fd;k gSA
fp=k (tks fd Åij n'kkZ;k x;k gS) esa {kSfrt v{k (Horizontal axis) ij vk; (Income) dks ekik x;k gS
rFkk yEcor~ v{k (Vertical axis) ij D fcUnq osQ Åij rFkk uhps Øe'k% oqQy mi;ksfxrk (Total utility)
dks ekik x;k gSA

1. Musgrave—The Theory of Public Finance. Page 96.

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