Page 98 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV 1- O;fDrijd n`f"Vdks.k dh lhek,¡ (Limitations of Subjective Approach)
Åij ftl O;fDrijd R;kx n`f"Vdks.k dk foospu fd;k x;k gS] mldh vusd lhek,¡ Hkh gSaA ;s fuEufyf[kr gSaµ
(1) O;ogkj esa lhekUr R;kx dks cjkcj djuk dfBuµO;ogkj esa] lHkh djnkrkvksa osQ lhekUr R;kx dks
cjkcj djuk cM+k dfBu fl¼ gksxkA nks O;fDr ftudh vk; rFkk ns;rk,¡ (income and liabilities) ,d
leku gksa] ;fn leku dj Hkh vnk djsa rks Hkh ;g gks ldrk gS fd os leku R;kx u dj ik;saA ,slk mudh #fp
rFkk muosQ LoHkko esa vUrj osQ dkj.k gks ldrk gSA
(2) R;kx ,oa HkkokRed fopkjµR;kx (sacrifice) ,d O;fDrijd ;k HkkokRed rÙo gS] ftls ljdkjh lÙkk
}kjk Bhd&Bhd eki lduk lEHko ugha gSA bls rks osQoy ogh O;fDr vuqHko dj ldrk gS tks fd R;kx dj
jgk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr] ,d ,slh fLFkfr ij igq¡puk dfBu gS ftuesa fd lHkh O;fDr;ksa dk oqQy R;kx U;wure
gksA vr% leqnk; esa dj&Hkkj osQ U;k;iw.kZ forj.k osQ y{; dks izkIr dj lduk dfBu gSA
(3) vk; dk xyr vk/kjµog vk; tks fd /u rFkk lEifÙk ls izkIr dh xbZ gks] osQ eqdkcys O;fDrxr lsok
rFkk dfBu Je ls vftZr dh xbZ vk; ls O;fDr dks vf/d mi;ksfxrk ;k rqf"Vxq.k (utility) izkIr gksrh gSA
blosQ vfrfjDr] /u rFkk lEifÙk ls izkIr og vk;] tks fd iz;klksa rFkk dBksj Je ls ,d=k dh xbZ gks] ml
vk; osQ eqdkcys vf/d rqf"Vxq.k iznku djrh gS tks fd mÙkjkf/dkj esa izkIr lEifÙk ls izkIr dh xbZ gksA ijUrq
dj nsus dh lkeF;Z dks ekius gsrq] O;fDrxr R;kx osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls bu rF;ksa dks drbZ Hkh n`f"Vxr ugha j[kk x;k
gSA bl fLFkfr esa ;g irk yxkuk cM+k eqf'dy gS fd fdl O;fDr us fdruk R;kx fd;k gSA

(4) lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dh eki lEHko ughaµ;g Hkh lEHko ugha gS fd vk; c<+us osQ lkFk&lkFk lhekar
mi;ksfxrk ;k rqf"Vxq.k osQ ?kVus dh nj dks fcYoqQy Bhd&Bhd eki fy;k tk,A bldk ifj.kke ;g gksxk fd
djk/ku dh nj esa vkjksg.k dk fu/kZj.k euekus <ax ij fd;k tk;sxkA blls lHkh osQ lhekar R;kx osQ cjkcj gksus
dh izo`fÙk dks izksRlkgu ugha feysxkA
(5) eqnzk dh ßkleku lhekUr mi;ksfxrk dh xyr ekU;rkµ;g loZfofnr gS fd tc vk; vfr U;wu Lrj
ls eè;e Lrj dh vksj c<+rh gS rks eqnzk (vk;) dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk esa deh vkrh gS fdUrq tc vk; eè;e
Lrj ls mPp Lrj dh vksj c<+rh gS rks fuf'pr :i ls ugha dgk tk ldrk fd vk; esa o`f¼ gksus ls lhekar
mi;ksfxrk ?kVrh gSA
vUr esa] fu"d"kZ :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd dj vnk djus dh lkeF;Z dks ekius osQ fy, O;fDrijd R;kx
n`f"Vdks.k u osQoy ,d mi;ksxh /kj.kk (concept) gS] vfirq ,d vkn'kZ Hkh gSA O;kogkfjd thou esa bldks
ykxw djus dk {ks=k cM+k lhfer gS vkSj blosQ y{; dks izkIr dj lduk cM+k dfBu gSA

VkLd O;fDrijd n`f"Vdks.k dh lhekvksa dks fy[ksaA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r djsa (Fill in the blanks) %
1. --------- ls gksus okyh vk; yxkrkj izkIr ugha gksrhA

2. vk; }kjk izkIr --------- dh la[;kRed eki laHko gSA
3. vk; esa o`f¼ osQ lkFk&lkFk lhekUr mi;ksfxrk esa --------- gks tkrk gSA
4. le&lhekUr R;kx dk fl¼kar Li"Vr% vR;f/d --------- dj <k¡ps dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA
5. leku iw.kZ R;kx] leku vuqikrh R;kx vkSj leku lhekUr R;kx osQ fl¼kar dks --------- :i esa izLrqr fd;k

tk ldrk gSA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
92 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY