Page 176 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV 1994&95 esa fryguksa dk mRiknu 210 yk[k Vu FkkA lu~ 2000 rd bls c<+kdj 260 yk[k Vu djuk rkfd
buls 80 yk[k Vu rsy izkIr fd;k tk losQA fdUrq 2001&02 esa fryguksa dk mRiknu c<+dj osQoy 205 yk[k
Vu gh gks ik;kA bl y{; dks izkIr djus osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr mik; djus gksaxsμ(i) vfrfjDr frygu {ks=kksa dks
¯lpkbZ vk/hu ykuk_ (ii) vk/qfud iQly&rdukykth dk iz;ksx djuk_ (iii) iQly&izfrLFkkiu (Crop
substitution); (iv) csgrj [kq'd [ksrh djuk_ (v) csgrj <ax ls rsy fudkyuk_ (vi) rsy osQ vikjEifjd Ïksrksa
dk fonksgu_ vkSj (vii) fryguksa osQ mRiknu dk vikjEifjd {ks=kksa vkSj vikjEifjd ekSleksa esa ifjorZu djukA
,sls vf/d mitkÅ fdLe osQ chtksa osQ fodkl osQ dkj.k tks fd lw[kk vkSj fVM~Mh ny osQ izfrjks/d gSa] ;g
vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd fryguksa osQ mRiknu vkSj mRikfnrk c<+kus osQ }kj [kqy x, gSaA
(4) ¯lpkbZ vkSj ty izcU/ dh u;h fodkl&fof/μvxys 12 ls 15 o"kks± osQ nkSjku oqQy miyC/ ty laxzg
1]000 yk[k gSDVs;j ehVj gksxkA 1]240 yk[k gSDVs;j oqQy Ñf"k vk/hu {ks=k ls 1]924 yk[k Vu [kk|kUu iSnk
fd;k x;kA nwljs 'kCnksaa esa] vkSlr :i esa izfr gSDVs;j mRiknu 1-55 Vu gh gSA blosQ fo#¼ phu esa izfr gSDVs;j
mRiknu 4 Vu gSA ;fn Hkkjr dks viuh c<+rh gqbZ tula[;k dk iks"k.k djuk gS] rks lu~ 2]020 rd viuh 128
djksM+ izR;kf'kr tula[;k osQ fy, 2]410 yk[k Vu [kk|kUu mRiUu djuk gh gksxkA
pw¡fd ty ,d nqyZHk lalk/u gS] blfy, ;g vR;Ur vko';d gS fd blosQ vf/d oqQ'ky iz;ksx ij cy fn;k
tk,A orZeku ifjfLFkfr ;g gS fd 90 izfr'kr ty ¯lpkbZ osQ fy, bLrseky gksrk gSA fo'ks"kKksa osQ vuqlkj ;g
ty dk viO;; ,oa O;FkZ iz;ksx gSA vr% ¯lpkbZ j.kuhfr ,slh gksuh pkfg, tks ferO;;h <ax ls ty&iz;ksx dj
losQA bl lEcU/ esa y{; gksuk pkfg, fd vxys 12 o"kks± esa ¯lpkbZ osQ fy, bLrseky fd, tkus okys ty dk
vuqikr ?kVk dj 77 izfr'kr dj fn;k tk, rkfd vkS|ksfxd vkSj uxjikfydk lEcU/h vko';drkvksa dh c<+rh
gqbZ ek¡x dh iw£r dh tk losQA
(5) NksVh ¯lpkbZ osQ i{k esa ifjorZu ij cyμlkrksa iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa osQ nkSjku cM+h rFkk eè;e ¯lpkbZ
ifj;kstuk ij vR;f/d cy fn;k x;kA vc ;g ckr eglwl dh tk jgh gS fd cM+h ¯lpkbZ ifj;kstukvksa us izfr
gSDV;sj ¯lpkbZ dh ykxr cgqr gh Å¡pk dj nh gSA vkSlr :i esa izfr gSDVs;j ¯lpkbZ ykxr 60]000 #i, gS
tksfd cgqr T;knk gSA vr% NksVh ¯lpkbZ dh izfr ,dM+ ykxr vis{kkÑr cgqr de gS vkSj blfy, Hkfo"; esa
NksVh ¯lpkbZ ij vf/d cy fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
(6) ck;ksiQVZykbtj osQ iz;ksx dk foLrkj djukμtho&VsDuksykWth ,oa vkuqoaf'kd bathfu;¯jx (Bio
technology and genetic engineering) esa gky gh esa gq, vuqla/kuksa us ;g fl¼ dj fn;k gS fd oqQN
lw{e&tho (Micro-organisms) tSls cSDVhfj;k vkSj uhys&gjs 'kSoky (Algae) ukbVªkstu&fu'p;d (Nitrogen
fixers) dk dk;Z dj ldrs gSa vkSj ikS/ksa dks iks"k.k miyC/ djk ldrs gSaA lcls vke&bLrseky gksus okyk
tho&moZjd (Biofertilizer) jkbtksfc;e (Rhizobium) gS tks fof'k"V chtdks"k (Legumes) dh tM+ksa esa izos'k
djosQ tM+&xzfUFkdk,¡ (Root nodules) cuk ysrk gSA ;s xzfUFkdk,¡ veksfu;k mRiknu dh iSQDVfj;k¡ cu tkrh gSaA
jkbtksfc;e chtdks"k osQ lkFk lEcU/ LFkkfir djosQ ,d iQly&ekSle esa 100&300 fdyksxzke ukbVªkstu izfr
gSDVs;j fuf'pr dj ldrk gS vkSj vxyh iQly osQ fy, Hkh dkiQh ukbVªkstu NksM+ ldrk gSA lw{e&thoksa }kjk
ukbVªkstu&tuu esa egÙoiw.kZ rduhd [kkstus] ftldk lkjk [kpZ Lo;a izÑfr vnk djrh gS] nwljh gfjr ØkfUr
osQ }kj [kksy fn, x, gSaA
(7) [kq'd [ksrh ij cy nsuk pkfg,μHkkjr esa oqQy Ñf"k vk/hu 1]630 yk[k gSDVs;j {ks=kiQy esa ls 1]000
gSDVs;j vFkkZr~ oqQy dk 61 izfr'kr [kq'd [ksrh (Dry farming), osQ v/hu gS ijUrq [kq'd [ksrh vk/hu {ks=k dk
oqQy mRiknu esa Hkkx 30 izfr'kr ls Hkh de gS
blesa lUnsg ugha fd ¯lpkbZ osQ dkj.k [kk|kUuksa esa LokoyfEcrk izkIr gks ldh gS ijUrq blosQ lkFk le`¼ vkSj
xjhc osQ chp [kkbZ Hkh pkSM+h gks xbZ gSA ;g ckr è;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd [kq'd Hkwfe ij [ksrh djus okys 72 izfr'kr
fdlkuksa osQ ikl 2 gSDVs;j ls de Hkwfe gS vkSj ;g Hkh fc[kjs gq, vkSj foHkkftr [k.Mksa esa miyC/ gSA pw¡fd

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