Page 177 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—12% gfjr ØkfUr

ns'k dks dkiQh le; rd [kq'd&Hkwfe [ksrh djuh gksxh] blfy, ;g vko';d gS fd [kq'd&Hkwfe [ksrh dh uksV
rdukykth fodflr dh tk, rkfd [kq'd Hkwfe esa mRiknu osQ c<+kus dh lEHkkoukvksa dk ykHk mBk;k tk losQA
blosQ fy, [kq'd Hkwfe {ks=kksa dh leL;kvksa dk vè;;u djuk vko';d gS rkfd {ks=k&fo'ks"k rdukykth dk
fodkl fd;k tk losQA moZjdksa dk e;kZfnr iz;ksx] mUur chtksa vkSj o"kkZ osQ ikuh osQ csgrj laxzgj.k vkSj blosQ
mfpr iz;ksx }kjk ge mRikfnrk esa 40 ls 50 izfr'kr rd o`f¼ dj ldrs gSA oqQ'ky rFkk le;&vuqlkj izcU/
o"kkZ ij vk/kfjr {ks=kksa esa mRiknu c<+kus dh oqQath gSA
lkj :i esa geus Ñf"k esa eq[; fodkl&{ks=kksa dk laosQr fd;k gSA ijUrq Ñf"k lq/kjksa osQ vHkko esa izR;kf'kr ifj.kke
izkIr ugha gks losaQxsA MkW- ,e- ,l- LokehukFku] fo[;kr Ñf"k oSKkfud us iatkc esa gfjr ÑkfUr dh liQyrk dk
fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, mYys[k fd;k gSμ
¶iatkc esa gfjr ØkfUr dksbZ vpEHkk ugha gSA ;g blfy, liQy gks ikbZ D;ksafd 1960&70 osQ n'kd osQ eè;
esa os lHkh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ fo|eku Fkha tks bldh liQyrk osQ fy, vfuok;Z Fkhaμ(d) Hkw&pdcUnh rFkk
leryhdj.k] ([k) Lokeh }kjk [ksrh ftlls Hkwfe esa yEcs dky osQ fy, #fp iSnk gks] (x) xzke&lapkj] (?k)
xzke&fctyhdj.k] vkSj (Ä) ,d xR;kRed Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky;A¸
¶;fn ;s ifjfLFkfr;k¡ fo|eku u gksrha] rks iatkc osQ fdlkuksa osQ fy, xsgw¡ vkSj pkoy dh izcU/&izR;qÙkj fdLeksa
}kjk mRikfnrk&{kerk dks okLrfod mRiknu esa cnyuk dfBu gks tkrkA vUrr% mRikfnrk nks dkj.krRoksa dh ijLij
fØ;k ij fuHkZj djrh gS&ikS/s dh vkuqoaf'kd oqQ'kyrk (Genetic effciency) vkSj fdlku dh izcU/ oqQ'kyrkA
fdlkuksa dh rUe;rk] dBksj ifjJe] uofØ;k vkSj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k osQ Hkfo"; dks ifjo£rr djus esa Rojd dk;Z
dj jgs gSaaA¸

ck;ksiQVZykbtj fdls dgrs gSa\

12-1-4 gfjr ØkfUr&Hkkoh lEHkkouk,¡ (Green Revolution-future prospects)
gfjr ØkfUr tks 1960 osQ n'kd osQ nkSjku vkjEHk dh x;h dk mís'; v¼Z&ckSus mitkÅ fdLe (Semi-dwarf
high yielding varieties) osQ chtksa dk iz;ksx djosQ ¯lpkbZ vkSj jklk;fud moZjdksa osQ lkFk dk;Z dj
Ñf"k&mRiknu dks c<+kuk FkkA blosQ vPNs ifj.kke izkIr gq, vkSj igys pj.k esa xsgw¡ osQ mRiknu esa Hkkjh o`f¼
gqbZ vkSj ckn esa pkoy osQ mRiknu dks c<+kus esa Hkh vPNk liQyrk izkIr gqbZA ijUrq gky gh osQ o"kks± esa ;g eglwl
fd;k tk jgk gS fd vf/d mitkÅ fdLe osQ chtksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i mRiknu viukus dh pje lhek ij igq¡p
pqdk gS vkSj mRiknu esa vfrfjDr o`f¼ djus dh lEHkkouk,¡ cgqr lhfer gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ;g roZQ fn;k tk
jgk gS fd cht&ikuh moZjd rdukykth (Seed-water-fertilizer technology) viuh lEHkkO; {kerk dk iwjk
iz;ksx dj pqdh gS vkSj ,sls fcUnq ij igq¡p x;h gS fd blesa ßkleku izR;k; (Diminishing return) dh voLFkk
vkjEHk gks x;h gSA
ijUrq ;kstuk vk;ksx us lu~ 2007&08 osQ fy, [kk|kUu mRiknu dks c<+k dj 30 djksM+ Vu djus dk y{;
j[kk gS iz'u mBrk gS fd bl y{; dh izkfIr dh lEHkkouk D;k gS\
Jh gjh'k nkeksnj.k bl fopkj ls lger ugha gS fd mRiknu viuh pje lhek ij igq¡p x;k gSA bl mís';
osQ fy, mUgksaus fiNys pkj n'kdksa osQ nkSjku [kk|kUuksa osQ vkSlr izfr gSDVs;j mRiknu osQ ifjdyu rS;kj
fd, gSaμ

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