Page 182 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV 5. pkoy vkSj xsgw¡ ds ladj chtksa dks fodflr djus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSa&
(d)Hkkjr ds oSKkfud ([k) vesfjdk ds oSKkfud
(x) phu ds oSKkfud (?k) buesa ls dksbZ ugh

12-2 lkjka'k (Summary)

1960&70 osQ n'kd osQ eè; osQ i'pkr~ Hkkjr esa ikjEifjd Ñf"k O;ogkjksa (Agricultural practices) dk
izfrLFkkiu vk/qfud VsDuksykWth ,oa iQkeZ&O;ogkjksa ls fd;k tk jgk gSA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i Hkkjr esa ,d Ñf"k
ØkfUr O;Dr gqbZA vkjEHk esa] u;h VsDuksykWth dk iz;ksx 1960&61 esa lkr vkbZ- ,- Mh- ih- ftyksa esa ekxZn'khZ
ifj;kstuk (Pilot project) osQ :i esa fd;k x;kA blosQ ckn] vf/d mitkÅ fdLe osQ cht (High yielding

varieties) osQ izksxzke dks vkbZ- ,- Mh- ih- osQ lkFk tksM+ fn;k x;k vkSj bl fodkl&j.kuhfr dk iwjs ns'kHkj esa
foLrkj djus dk y{; r; fd;k x;kA bls gfjr ØkfUr (Green revolution) dgus dh ctk, ;g dgha csgrj
gksxk fd bls Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dk vk/qfudhdj.k (Modernisation) dgk tk,A

u;h rdukykth viukus osQ iQyLo:i iQly osQ oqQy mRiknu vkSj mRikfnrk ,oa&jkstxkj esa
yxkrkj o`f¼ gqbZ gSA

Ñf"k osQ vk/qfudj.k osQ dkj.k Ñf"k }kjk m|ksx osQ ekè;e ls mRiUu vknkuksa (inputs) dh ek¡x esa Hkkjh
o`f¼ gqbZ gS vkSj ifj.kker% Ñf"k dk izfrxkeh lEcU/ vkSj etcwr gks x;k gSA bl izdkj Ñf"k ,oa m|ksx
esa lEcU/ izcy gks x;k gSA

vk/qfud rdukykth ls ,sls {ks=kksa dks lcls vf/d ykHk gqvk gS tks lk/u&lEiUu gSa vkSj blosQ
ifj.kkeLo:i vUr%{ks=kh; vlekurkvksa (Inter-regional disparities) esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA

u;h fodkl j.kuhfr osQ leFkZdksa osQ vuqlkj xgu mRiknu iz.kkyh Hkkjrh; Ñf"k esa vYidky esa mxz
fodkl djus dk ,dek=k mik; gSA [kk|kUuksa esa LokoyfEcrk izkIr djus osQ fy, vfuok;Z gS fd ,slh
mRiknu&fof/ viukbZ tk, ftlls i;kZIr ek=kk esa vfrfjDr vUu mRiUu gks losQA

vf/d mitkÅ fdLe osQ chtksa ls vf/d mRiknu izkIr djus osQ fy, moZjdksa vkSj ¯lpkbZ ij Hkkjh
fofu;ksx djuk iM+rk gSA Hkkjh fofu;ksx djuk NksVs vkSj eè;e Js.kh osQ fdlkuksa dh {kerk ls ckgj gSA
Hkkjr esa yxHkx 810 yk[k tksrsa gSa ijUrq osQoy 6 izfr'kr cM+s fdlkukas osQ ikl oqQy Hkwfe dk 40 izfr'kr
gS vkSj osQoy ogh uyowQi] ifEiax lsV] moZjd vkSj Hkkjh e'khujh osQ :i esa Hkkjh fofu;ksx dj jgs gSaA
LorU=krk izkfIr osQ i'pkr~ fiNys 5 n'kdksa osQ nkSjku Hkkjrh; Ñf"k us dbZ fn'kkvksa esa izxfr dh gSA izFke]

[kk|kUuksa dk mRiknu tks 1950&51 esa yxHkx 500 yk[k Vu Fkk] c<+dj 1970&71 esa nqxus ls Hkh FkksM+k
vf/d gksdj 1]084 yk[k Vu rd igq¡p x;k vkSj 1983&84 esa 1]524 yk[k Vu osQ mPp Lrj rd igq¡p
x;kA blosQ i'pkr~ yxkrkj pkj o"kZ lw[kk iM+us osQ dkj.k mRiknu 1984&85 osQ f'k[kj Lrj osQ uhps
gh jgk fdUrq 1998&99 osQ vPNk ekulwu o"kZ gksus osQ dkj.k [kk|kUu 2]009 yk[k Vu osQ fjdkMZ Lrj
rd igq¡p x;kA
tho&VsDuksykWth ,oa vkuqoaf'kd bathfu¯jx (Bio technology and genetic engineering) esa gky gh esa
gq, vuqla/kuksa us ;g fl¼ dj fn;k gS fd oqQN lw{e&tho (Micro-organisms) tSls cSDVhfj;k vkSj
uhys&gjs 'kSoky (Algae) ukbVªkstu&fu'p;d (Nitrogen fixers) dk dk;Z dj ldrs gSa vkSj ikS/ksa dks
iks"k.k miyC/ djk ldrs gSaA
tho&VsDuksykWth ,oa vkuqoaf'kd bathfu¯jx (Bio technology and genetic engineering) esa gky gh esa
gq, vuqla/kuksa us ;g fl¼ dj fn;k gS fd oqQN lw{e&tho (Micro-organisms) tSls cSDVhfj;k vkSj

176 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY