Page 41 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—2% Hkkjr esa ;kstuk dh j.kuhfr

osQ y{; osQ LFkku ij 2-7 izfr'kr dh izkfIr gqbZA uksV
• ;gka ij y{; ls miyfCèk;ka dkiQh de jgh] ;gka ,sls dkjdksa dk izHkko Hkh Fkk fd O;;ksa ij fu;kstdksa

dk fu;a=k.k ugha FkkA 1962 esa Hkkjr&phu ;q¼] 1965 esa Hkkjr&ikd ;q¼] ekSle dk izfrowQy vlj]
blosQ vykok j.kuhfrd foiQyrk Hkh Fkh] bl dkj.k fuos'k dh ek=kk c<+kus ij cy fn;k x;kA
• 1990&91 osQ ladV dk eq[; rRo Hkqxrku&larqyu dk ladV FkkA Hkkjr dk fons'kh eqnzk vkjf{kr dks"k

cgqr de gks x;k vkSj fons'kh nkf;Roksa osQ iquHkZqxrku ij iz'pfpUg yx x;kA bldk rkRdkfyd eq[;
dkj.k vUrjkZ"Vªh; rsy ladV Fkk] ;|fi ;g vYifodflr Fkk] tc nh?kZdkfyd dkj.k igys ufhr;k¡ FkhA
• lkoZtfud {ks=k (Public Sector) osQ fy, vkj{k.k iz.kkyh dks cgqr lhfer dj nsuk vkSj eq[;r%

lkefjd egRo osQ {ks=kksa rd vkSj ;g ekuk x;k fd lkoZtfud bZdkb;ksa dks Hkh izfrLièkkZ dk lkeuk
djuk pkfg,A lkoZtfud bZdkb;ksa osQ dkedkt esa lqèkkj dh Hkh vko';drk gSA
• 1991 osQ i'pkr~ blesa mnkjhdj.k fd;k x;k gSA tSls ykblsal dh vko';drk okys {ks=kksa esa vkSj deh dh

x;h gSA vc osQoy 5 {ks=kksa esa gh ykblsal dh t:jr gS] eq[;r% i;kZojf.kd ;k [krjukd m|ksxksa osQ ekeys
esaA fons'kh fuos'k osQ ekeysa esa Hkh udkjkRed lwph (Negative List) osQ nk;js dks de fd;k x;k gSA
• 90 osQ n'kd ls Hkkjr funs'kkRed ;kstuk (Indicative Planning) dks egÙo ns jgk gSA dkj.k&vk£Fkd

lqèkkj dk;ZØe&cktkj 'kfDr;ksa osQ laosQr osQ vkèkkj ij gksuk pkfg,] m|fe;ksa dks rduhdh osQ p;u
esa Lora=krk gksuh pkfg,A ;kstuk rS;kj djus esa Lora=krk gksuh pkfg,] D;ksafd blh ls vk£Fkd oqQ'kyrk
lqèkjsxhA lalkèkuksa dk csgrj mi;ksx gksrk rFkk vk£Fkd le`f¼ Hkh rst gksxhA
• Hkkjrh; vk;kstu esa fodkl dh j.kuhfr dks 4 vo;oksa dh lgk;rk ls le>k tk ldrk gSμ

1- usg: egkyuksfol izk#i (Vidu fl¼kar ij vkèkkfjr)

2- xkaèkhoknh ekWMy
3- jko eueksgu izk#i
4- uo&xk¡èkh;u fodkl ekWMy&iwjk (PURA)
• o"kZ 1951 esa cM+h ek=kk esa [k|kUu osQ vk;kr rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk ij eqnzkLiQhfr osQ ncko dks è;ku esa

j[krs gq, igyh ;kstuk (1951&56) esa Ñf"k lfgr ¯lpkbZ rFkk fctyh ifj;kstukvksa dks loksZpp
izkFkfedrk nh xbZA lkoZtfud {ks=k esa O;; osQ fy, fuèkkZfjr 2]069 djksM+ #i;s dk yxHkx 44-6 izfr'kr
bu dk;ks± osQ fy, j[kk x;k FkkA
• chl lw=kh dk;ZØe xzkeh.k yksxksa vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls xjhch js[kk ls uhps osQ yksxksa osQ thou&Lrj esa rsth

ls lqèkkj ykus osQ fy, 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA
• nwljh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1956&57 ls 1960&61) esa fodkl osQ ,d ,sls <kaps dks c<+kok nsus dk iz;kl
fd;k x;k] ftlls ns'k esa lektoknh Lo:i osQ lekt dk fuekZ.k gks losQA
• xjhch gVkuk NBh ;kstuk (1980&85) dk eq[; y{; FkkA ;kstuk dh dk;Zuhfr cqfu;knh rkSj ij ;g
Fkh fd Ñf"k vkSj m|ksx] nksuksa osQ vkèkkjHkwr <kaps dks ,d lkFk etcwr fd;k tk,A
• lkroha ;kstuk (1985&90) esa fodkl] vkèkqfudhdj.k] vkRefuHkZjrk vkSj lkekftd U;k; tSls vk;kstuk

osQ ewyHkwr fl¼karksa dk ikyu djrs gq, [kk|kUu mRiknu] jkstxkj vkSj mRikndrk c<+kus dh uhfr;ksa vkSj
dk;ZØeksa ij vfèkd cy fn;k x;kA
• osaQnz esa rsth ls cnyrs jktuhfrd ?kVukØe osQ pyrs vkBoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk (1990&95) dks le;

dk;kZfUor ugha fd;k tk ldk vkSj 1990&91 rFkk 1991&92 nks ,d o"khZ; ;kstuk pykbZ xbZ vkSj o"kZ
1992 ls vkBoha ;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZA

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