Page 236 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV • bu ns'kksa osQ eè; de nwfj;ka r; djuh iM+rh gSa_
• miHkksDrkvksa dh #fp esa lekurk ikbZ tk ldrh gS rFkk iM+ksfl;ksa osQ eè; forj.k iz.kkyh LFkkiuk vfèkd
vklku gksrh gS_
• iM+kslh ns'kksa dk dkWeu bfrgkl gks ldrk gS] dkWeu fgr osQ izfr tkx:drk gks ldrh gS rFkk ,sls vU;
dkj.kksa ls viuh uhfr;ksa osQ lefUor djus osQ fy, vfèkd bPNqd gks ldrs gSaA

22-1 {ks=kh; vk£Fkd xqV (Regional Economic Union)

{ks=kh; vk£Fkd lewg pkj izdkj osQ gks ldrs gSaμ

1- mUeqDr O;kikj {ks=k (Free Trade Area—FTA)μlnL; ns'kksa osQ eè; VkfjiQ dks lekIr dj fn;k tkrk
gS] fdUrq xSj&lnL; ns'kksa osQ lkFk O;kikj osQ cká VkfjiQ cjdjkj jgrk gSA
2- lhek&'kqYd la?k (Customs Union)μla?kksa osQ vUnj lHkh vkUrfjd VkfjiQ lekIr dj fn, tkrs gSa]
tcfd la?k osQ lHkh ns'k ,d gh cká VkfjiQ yxkrs gSaA
3- lk>k cktkj (Common Market)μlhek 'kqYd la?k dh lHkh fo'ks"krk,a blesa ekStwn jgrh gSaA blosQ
vfrfjDr Je rFkk iwath dh xfr'khyrk ij dksbZ izfrcUèk ugha jgrk gSA
4- iw.kZ vk£Fkd ,dhdj.k (Complete Economic Integration)μbl fLFkfr esa ekSfnzd ,oa jktdks"kh;
uhfr;ksa dks ,d djosQ vkSj vfèkd vk£Fkd ,dhdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA bl Lrj osQ ,dhdj.k dk vFkZ
jktuhfrd ,dhdj.k Hkh gSA ;wjksih; la?k iw.kZ vk£Fkd ,dhdj.k dh vksj fuf'pr :i esa c<+ jgk gSA
{ks=kh; ,dhdj.k osQ lkekftd] vk£Fkd ,oa jktuhfrd izHkko iM+rs gSaA lkekftd izHkko dk vFkZ gS lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd
,dhdj.k gSA vk£Fkd izHkko dk vFkZ ij lalkèkuksa dk vfèkd mÙke vkc.Vu] Li¼kZ esa o`f¼ osQ dkj.k dk;ZoqQ'kyrk
esa o`f¼] vkfnA jktuhfrd izHkko gS lEizHkqrk dh FkksM+h gkfuA

fiNys ,d n'kd esa {ks=kh; vk£Fkd le>kSrksa esa rsth ls o`f¼ gqbZ gSA ebZ 2003 eas 265 ,sls le>kSrksa dh lwpuk
WTO dks nh xbZA WTO us vius lnL; ns'kksa dks GATT dh èkkjk 1 osQ vUrxZr MFN Dykt esa HksnHkkoghurk (non-
discrimination) osQ ekSfyd fl¼kUr osQ viokn osQ :i esa lhek&'kqYd la?k rFkk eqDr O;kikj {ks=k dh LFkkiuk
dh lgefr nh gSA {ks=kh; O;kikj lewgksa dk djhc 90 izfr'kr mUeqDr O;kikj osQ le>kSrs gSa rFkk osQoy 10 izfr'kr
lhek 'kqYd la?kA ;ksa rks 1990 osQ n'kd ls gh ,sls le>kSrksa esa rsth ls o`f¼ gqbZ gS] rFkkfi if'peh ;wjksi ,oa vejhdk
dh vxqvkbZ esa 1980 ls blesa o`f¼ gksus yxh FkhA gky gh ls tkiku lfgr ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa us MFN vkèkkfjr O;kikj
ij iw.kZ fuHkZj djuk NksM+ fn;k gSA COMECON (Council of Mutual Economic Corporation) osQ èoLr gksus
osQ ckn ls 1990 ls {ks=kh; lewgksa dh la[;k c<+h gSA World Trade Report 2003 osQ vuqlkj fo'o vk;kr dk 43-
2 izfr'kr 2000 esa bUgha {ks=kh; lewgksa osQ ekè;e ls gqvkA
ekpZ 1957 esa jkse esa ,d lafèk ij gLrk{kj gq, ftlosQ iQyLo:i ;wjksih; vkfFkZd leqnk; (European Economic
Community) dk fuekZ.k gqvk ftlesa 6 lnL; FksμizQkal] teZuh] bVyh] csfYt;e] uhnjyS.M~l ,oa yDtsecxZA
;wjksih; vkfFkZd leqnk; (EEC) dks ;wjksih; lk>k cktkj (ECM) osQ uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;wjksfi;u
vkfFkZd leqnk; dk mís'; ,d lk>k cktkj dh LFkkiuk djuk Fkk rkfd lnL; ns'kksa esa fodkl] fLFkjrk ,oa yksxksa
osQ thou&Lrj esa o`f¼ gks ldsA bu 6 ns'kksa dk lk>k cktkj LFkkfir djus dh O;oLFkk dks gh ;wjksih; lk>k cktkj
(ECM) dgrs gSa ftldk izkjEHk 1 tuojh] 1958 dks gqvkA ;wjksih; vkfFkZd leqnk; ftldk orZeku uke
;wjksih; la?k gS] dk eq[;ky; czqlsYl (csfYt;e) esa gSA ;wjksih; lk>kk cktkj dh LFkkiuk osQ ihNs eq[; dkj.k
;g Fkk fd mDr 6 ns'kksa us ;g vuqHko fd;k fd tc rd os ,d lhek ,oa lhek la?k ugha cukrs] mudh vkfFkZd
izxfr laHko ugha gSA lhek la?k cu tkus osQ iQyLo:i bu ns'kksa esa oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa osQ vkokxeu dh iw.kZ Lora=krk
gS] bu ns'kksa osQ chp dksbZ iz'kqYd ugha gS rFkk ckgjh ns'kksa osQ fy, budh iz'kqYd uhfr leku gSA

230 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY