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bdkbZ—10% lglaca/ % fo{ksi&fp=k fof/] dkyZ fi;lZu dk lglaca/ xq.kkad
,d&nwljs ij vfJr gksrs gSaA nks lEc¼ leadekykvksa esa bl izdkj dh ijLij vkfJrrk dk fof/or~ lkaf[;dh uksV
vè;;u lg&lEcU/ osQ fl¼kUr osQ vUrxZr fd;k tkrk gSA
10-1 lglaca/ dk vFkZ ,oa egÙo (Meaning and Importance of Correlation)
;fn ;g fl¼ gks tkrk gS fd vf/drj mnkgj.kksa esa nks pj&ewY; lnk ,d fn'kk esa ;k foijhr fn'kk esa
?kVus&c<+us dh izo`fÙk j[krs gSa rks ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa ge ;g le> ldrs gSa fd muesa ,d fuf'pr lEcU/ ik;k
tkrk gSA ;g lEcU/ gh lg&lEcU/ dgykrk gSA la{ksi esa] nks pj&ewY;ksa esa bl izdkj dk lEcU/ gks fd ,d
esa deh ;k o`f¼ gksus ls nwljs esa Hkh mlh nj ls deh ;k o`f¼ gks rks os nksuksa lgEcfU/rk dgykrh gSaA
lg&lEcU/ dk fl¼kUr cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gSA blosQ ewy fl¼kUrksa dk izfriknu loZizFke izQakl osQ [kxksy'kkL=kh
czkrs us fd;k Fkk ijUrq bl fl¼kUr dks vkxs c<+kus dk dk;Z rFkk vk/qfud :i iznku djus dk Js; izkf.k'kkL=kh
izQakfll xkYVu rFkk dkyZ fi;lZu dks izkIr gSA bu izfl¼ oSKkfudksa us izkf.k'kkL=k rFkk tuu&fo|k osQ {ks=k esa
lg&lEcU/ osQ fl¼kUr osQ vk/kj ij vusd leL;kvkssa dk oSKkfud fo'ys"k.k fd;k gSA bl fl¼kUr osQ
vk/kj ij gh izR;sd {ks=k esa nks ;k vf/d ?kVukvksa osQ ijLij lEcU/ksa dk Li"Vhdj.k gksrk gSA lg&lEcU/
fo'ys"k.k ls gesa ;g irk pyrk gS fd nks lEcfU/r bdkb;ksa esa fdruk vkSj fdl izdkj dk lEcU/ gSA izrhixeu
rFkk fopu.k vuqikr dh /kj.kk;sa lg&lEcU/ fl¼kUr ij vk/kfjr gSaA budh lgk;rk ls nks lEcfU/r Jsf.k;ksa
esa ls ,d osQ fn, gq, fuf'pr pj&ewY; osQ vk/kj ij nwljh Js.kh osQ lEHkkfor pj&ewY; dk fo'oluh; vuqeku
yxk;k tk ldrk gSA lg&lEcU/ dk izHkko gekjh Hkfo";ok.kh dh vfuf'prrk osQ foLrkj dks de djuk gSA
lg&lEcU/ fo'ys"k.k ij vk/kfjr vuqeku vf/d fo'oluh; vkSj fu'p;kRed gksrs gSaA
bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd O;kogkfjd thou osQ izR;sd {ks=k esa nks ;k nks ls vf/d lEcfU/r ?kVukvksa dk
rqyukRed vè;;u djus] mlesa ikjLifjd lEcU/ dk foospu djus rFkk iwokZuqeku yxkus esa lg&lEcU/ dk
fl¼kUr cgqr mi;ksxh fl¼ gksrk gSA
lg&lEcU/ dk iwjk fo"k; i`Fko~Q fo'ks"krkvksa osQ chp ik;s tkus okys ml ikjLifjd lEcU/ dh
vksj laosQr djrk gS ftlosQ vuqlkj os oqQN ek=kk esa lkFk&lkFk ifjofrZr gksus dh izo`fÙk j[krs gSaA
10-2 fo{ksi&fp=k fof/ (Scatter Diagram Method)
nks leadekykvksa esa lglaca/ Kkr djus dh ;g jhfr fcUnqjs[kh; jhfr ls feyrh&tqyrh gSA ;gka Hkh lglaca/ fp=kksa
dh lgk;rk ls ljyrkiwoZd fn[kk;k tk ldrkA ijUrq ;gka Hkh lglaca/ dk vadkRed eki izkIr ugha fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
nks vadfyr leadksa esa vkil esa lg&lEcU/ dh fn'kk vkSj ek=kk dk vuqeku fo{ksi&fp=k cukdj fd;k tk ldrk
gSA bl jhfr osQ vuqqlkj LorU=k pj&ewY;ksa (X) dks fcUnqjs[kh; i=k osQ Hkqtk X ij rFkk rRlEc/h vkfJr pj&ewY;ksa
(Y) dks dksfV&v{k Y ij vafdr fd;k tkrk gSA ,d in osQ X Js.kh rFkk Y Js.kh osQ nks ewY;ksa osQ fy, ,d fcUnq
cuk;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj ftrus in&;qXe gksrs gSa mrus gh fcUnq js[kk&i=k ij vafdr gks tkrs gSa tks ,d fuf'pr
izo`fÙk iznf'kZr djrs gSaA bl izdkj osQ fp=k dks fo{ksi&fp=k ;k fcUnq&fp=k dgrs gSaA
fo{ksi&fp=kksa osQ vè;;uμfo{ksi&fp=kksa osQ vè;;u ls fuEu izdkj osQ fu"d"kZ fudkys tkrs gSaμ
(i) lhfer lg&lEcU/ (0 < r < 1 or – 1 < r < 0)μtc fo{ksi&fp=k ij vafdr fcUnqvksa ls ,d izo`Qfr n`f"Vxkspj
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