Page 166 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV (8) ifjek.k osQ fuoZpu dh vko';drkμblosQ ifjek.k vxj ;ksa gh fy[k fn;s tk;sa rks tulk/kj.k osQ
fy, le>uk dfBu gSA bl ifjek.k dks ,sls ljy 'kCnksa esa izdV djus dh vko';drk iM+rh gS tks
loZlk/kj.k dh le> esa ljyrk ls vk tk;sA
dkyZ fi;lZu osQ lglEcU/ xq.kkad dh ifjdYiuk,a
(Assumption of Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation)
dkyZ fi;lZu dk lglEcU/ xq.kkad fuEufyf[kr ifjdYiukvksa ij vk/kfjr gSμ
(1) tks leadekyk,a lglEcfU/r gksrh gSa mUgsa vusd LorU=k dkj.k izHkkfor djrs gSaA iQyLo:i vad caVu
esa izlkekU;r;k (normality) vkSj lEHkkfork (probability) gksrh gSA
(2) leadekyk dks izHkkfor djus okys LorU=k dkj.kksa esa vkil esa dkj.k o izHkko (cause and effect) dk
lEcU/ gksrk gSA
(3) nksuksa Jsf.k;ksa esa js[kh; (linear) lEcU/ gksrk gSA

10-4 lglaca/ dk ifjek.k (Degree of Correlation)

lglEcU/ xq.kkad (Coefficient of Correlation) }kjk lglEcU/ dk vadh; ifjek.k Kkr fd;k tkrk gSA blh
vk/kj ij /ukRed vkSj Í.kkRed lglEcU/ osQ fuEufyf[kr ifjek.k gks ldrs gSaμ
(1) iw.kZ lglEcU/ (Perfect Correlation)μtc nks leadekykvksa osQ ifjorZu ,d gh fn'kk esa vkSj leku
vuqikr esa gksa rks muesa iw.kZ /ukRed lglEcU/ dgyk;sxkA iw.kZ /ukRed lglEcU/ xq.kkad + 1 osQ :i esa
izdV fd;k tkrk gSA blosQ foijhr] tc nks leadekykvksa esa ifjorZu dk vuqikr rks leku gks ijUrq foijhr fn'kk
esa gks rks ogka iw.kZ Í.kkRed lglEcU/ (Perfect Negative Correlation) gksrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa lglEcU/
xq.kkad – 1 gksrk gSA ;g è;ku jgs fd iw.kZ lglEcU/ cgqr de feyrk gSA ;g HkkSfrd rFkk xf.kr lEcU/h foKkuksa
esa gh ik;k tk ldrk gSA
(2) lglEcU/ dh vuqifLFkfr (Absence of Correlation)μtc nks leadekykvksa osQ ifjorZu osQ eè;
fdlh izdkj dh vkfJrrk ugha ik;h tkrh vFkkZr~ ,d Js.kh osQ ifjorZu dk izHkko nwljh Js.kh ij fcYoqQy ugha
iM+rk rks ogka lglEcU/ dh vuqifLFkfr gksrh gSA bls ge lglEcU/ ugha (No Correlation) dgdj iqdkjrs
gSaA ;gka ij lglEcU/ xq.kkad dh ek=kk 'kwU; (0) gksrh gSA

(3) lglEcU/ dk lhfer ifjek.k (Limited Degrees of Correlation)μtc nks leadekykvksa esa u rks
lglEcU/ dk vHkko gksrk gS vkSj u muesa iw.kZ lglEcU/ gh gksrk gS vFkkZr~ nksuksa osQ eè; dh fLFkfr gksrh gS
rc ogka lhfer ek=kk dk lglEcU/ gksrk gSA ;gka lglEcU/ dk xq.kkad 'kwU; (0) vkSj (1) osQ eè; vkrk gS
(± 1)A ;g /ukRed (positive) ;k Í.kkRed (negative) gks ldrk gSA lkekftd ,oa O;kolkf;d {ks=kksa esa vf/
drj blh izdkj dk lEcU/ ik;k tkrk gSA
lhfer lglEcU/ Hkh fuEufyf[kr rhu izdkj dk gksrk gSμ
(v) mPp Lrj dk lglEcU/ (High Degree of Correlation)μtc Jsf.k;ksa esa lglEcU/ iw.kZ u gks ijUrq
fiQj Hkh vf/d ek=kk esa gks rks ogka mPp Lrj dk lglEcU/ gksrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa lglEcU/ xq.kkad
.75 vkSj 1 osQ eè; ik;k tkrk gSA lkekU;r% ;g .9 osQ lehi gksrk gSA lglEcU/ xq.kkad dk fpÉ /
u (+) gksus ij mPp Lrj dk /ukRed lglEcU/ (High degree of positive correlation) rFkk Í.k
(–) gksus ij mPp Lrj dk Í.kkRed lglEcU/ (High degree of negative correlation) dgykrk gSA
(c) eè; Lrj dk lglEcU/ (Moderate Degree of Correlation)μtc lglEcU/ dh ek=kk u rks mPp
Lrj dh gks u cgqr gh de gks rks ogka eè; Lrj dk lglEcU/ gksrk gSA ;gka lglEcU/ dk xq.kkad
.50 vkSj .75 osQ eè; vkrk gSA ;g /ukRed gks ldrk gS ;k Í.kkRedA

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