Page 362 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV

vkofrZrk fdls dgrs gSa\

lhek,aμpy ekè; rduhd dh izeq[k lhek,a bl izdkj gSaμ
1. miufr ewY;ksa dh x.kuk Js.kh osQ lHkh le; fcUnqvksa osQ fy, ugha dh tk ldrh gSA py ekè; vUr
osQ o"kZ rd ugha fudkys tk ldrs vkSj u mldks izFke o"kZ rd ihNs ys tk;k tk ldrk gSA py ekè;
fudkyus dh vof/ ftruh vf/d gksxh] mrus gh o"kZ NwV tkrs gSa] ftuosQ fy, miufr ewY; ugha
fudkys tk ldrsA mnkgj.kLo:i] 3&o"khZ; py ekè; fudkyus esa nks o"kZ NwV tkrs gSa] ,d Js.kh esa
izkjEHk dk o"kZ rFkk ,d Js.kh esa vUr dk o"kZA 5&o"khZ; py ekè; fudkyus ij 4 o"kZ NwV tkrs gSa] 2
o"kZ Js.kh osQ izkjEHk osQ rFkk 2 o"kZ Js.kh osQ vUr osQA 7&o"khZ; py ekè; fudkyus ij 6 o"kZ NwV tkrs
gSa] 3 o"kZ Js.kh osQ izkjEHk osQ rFkk 3 o"kZ Js.kh osQ vUr osQA
2. ;fn py ekè; dh vof/ ,d le&la[;k (2, 4, 6, 8, ...) gS rks fdlh le; fcUnq osQ lkeus fy[kus osQ
fy, py ekè;ksa dks osQfUnzr (centred) djuk vko';d gSA
3. py ekè;ksa dh x.kuk djus dh vof/ D;k gks] ;g ,d vU; leL;k gSA blosQ fy, dksbZ xf.krh; lw=k
ugha gSA ;g iw.kZr% fo'ys"kd osQ fu.kZ; ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
4. D;ksafd py ekè; dk xf.krh; iQyu (Mathematical function) ls izfrfuf/Ro ugha gksrk gS] vr% ;g

jhfr iwokZuqeku osQ fy, lhfer :i ls gh mi;ksxh gSA iwokZuqeku miufr fo'ys"k.k dk ,d vk/kjHkwr
mís'; gksrk gSA
5. bl jhfr osQ iz;ksx osQ fy, tks n'kk,a vko';d gksrh gSa os dHkh Hkh O;ogkj esa ugha ikbZ tkrh gSaA Js.kh

esa dksbZ vkdfLed ifjorZu gksus dk izHkko py ekè; ij iM+rk gSA

tc py ekè; dh vof/ rFkk pØksa dh vof/ leku ugha gksrh rks dksbZ Hkh py ekè; pØh;
mPpkopuksa dks iw.kZr% nwj djus esa vleFkZ jgrk gSA

25-3 ewy lead ,oa py ekè;ksa dks fcUnqjs[kh;&i=k ij izkafdr djuk (Locate the Plot

Original and Moving Average on the Dotted Paper)

ewy leadksa dks y-v{k ij rFkk le; dks x-v{k ij ysdj mfpr iSekus ij (t, Y) fcUnqvksa dks izkafdr dj fy;k
tkrk gS fiQj bUgsa Øe'k% lh/h js[kkvksa ls feyk fn;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj cus fcUnq js[k dks dkfyd fp=k
(Historigram) dgk tkrk gSA
miufr ewY;ksa dks y-v{k ij rFkk le; dks x-v{k ij ysdj mlh iSekus }kjk (t, T) fcUnqvksa dks izkafdr dj fy;k
tkrk gS fiQj mUgsa Øe'k% lh/h js[kkvksa (tks igyh js[kkvksa ls vyx fn[kkbZ nsa) ls feyk fn;k tkrk gSA
py ekè; dks fcUnqjs[kh;&i=k ij izkafdr djus osQ lEcU/ esa fuEufyf[kr fl¼kUrksa dks è;ku esa j[kuk pkfg, %
(i) ;fn ekSfyd leadksa dks fcUnqjs[kh;&i=k ij izkafdr djus ij ,d ljy js[kk curh gS rks py ekè;
osQ izkad.k ls Hkh ogh ljy js[kk cusxhA
(ii) ;fn ekSfyd leadksa }kjk vory (concave) oØ curh gS rks py ekè; oØ mlosQ uhps gksxkA
(iii) ekSfyd leadksa dh oØ mÙky (convex) gksus ij py ekè; oØ mlosQ Åij gksxkA

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