Page 404 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV foHkze osQ 1.96 xqus ls de gS rks vUrj lkFkZd ugha ekuk tk;sxkA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ;g ekuk tk;sxk fd ;g vUrj
fun'kZu osQ mPpkopu osQ dkj.k gSA
fofHkUu Lrjksa ij lkFkZdrk dh tkap fuEu rkfydk }kjk izn£'kr gSμ
Test of Significance at Different Level

fo'oluh; vUrj (Difference)
lkFkZdrk Lrj xq.kkad Økafrd =kqfV izfriQy =kqfV fo'oluh;
(Significance (Confidence (Critical (Sampling lhek,a lkFkZd lkFkZd ugha
% Level) % Coeffi- Value) Error) (Confidence (Significant) (Not
cient Significant)
5 95 1.96 1.96σ ± 1.96σ > 1.9σ ≤ 1.960
1 99 2.58 2.58 ± 2.58σ > 2.58σ ≤ 2.58σ
.27 99.73 3 3σ ± 3σ > 3σ ≤ 30
4.25 95.45 2 σ ± 2σ > 2σ ≤ 20

30-3 lkFkZdrk&ijh{k.k dh fØ;kfof/ (Procedure of Test of Significance)

lkFkZdrk&ijh{k.k gsrq ,d fØ;kfof/ iz;ksx esa yk;h tkrh gS ftlosQ vUrxZr fuEufyf[kr dk;Z djus gksrs gSaμ

(1) leL;k dk fu/kZj.k (Determination of the Problem)μlkFkZdrk ijh{k.k gsrq lcls izFke ,oa
egRoiw.kZ dk;Z leL;k dk fu/kZj.k djuk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] lkaf[;dh; fu.kZ; fdl lEcU/ esa fy;s tkus
gSa] mudk Li"V gks tkuk vko';d gSA ;s fu.kZ; izfrn'kZt vkSj izkpy osQ vUrj dh tkap djus vFkok
ifjdYiuk dks Lohdkj djus vFkok vLohdkj djus osQ lEcU/ esa gks ldrs gSaA

(2) 'kwU; ifjdYiuk dk fu/kZj.k (Setting up of a Null Hypothesis)μlexz dks izR;kf'kr vkSj U;kn'kZ
osQ okLrfod izkIr fu"d"kks± (ekiksa) osQ vUrj dh vFkZiw.kZrk tkuus osQ iwoZ ,d 'kwU; ifjdYiuk dk fu/
kZj.k djuk gksrk gSA 'kwU;&ifjdYiuk ls rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ge dYiuk djrs gSa fd izkpy ,oa
izfrn'kZt esa vUrj 'kwU; gS vkSj tks Hkh gS og fun'kZu osQ vfrfjDr vU; foHkzeksa ls izHkkfor ugha
gS vkSj ;g osQoy nSoh ;k vkdfLed gSA ;g ekudj pyuk gS fd liQyrk osQ fy, fo|k£Fk;ksa dk
fu;fer vè;;u ykHknk;d ugha gS] 'kwU; dYiuk dk gh mnkgj.k gSA blh izdkj fdlh jksx fu/kZj.k gsrq
fu£er nokbZ osQ ckjs esa igys ls gh ;g dYiuk dj ysuk og ykHknk;d ugha gksxh] ;g 'kwU; dYiuk
gh gSA 'kwU; dYiuk dk vk/kj blh esa gS fd mldk foykse foijhr LohdkjkRed fLFkfr dks izekf.kr
djrk gSA 'kwU; dYiuk osQ fy, laosQrk{kj H iz;ksx gksrk gSA
0
(3) lkFkZdrk Lrj dk p;u (Selection of Level of Significance)μiwoZfu/kZfjr ifjdYiuk dh tkap
fdlh lkFkZdrk Lrj ij dh tk ldrh gSA lkFkZdrk Lrj osQ p;u osQ ckjs esa dksbZ dBksj fu;e ugha gS
ijUrq vf/drj .01 vkSj .05 vFkkZr~ 1% vkSj 5% lkFkZdrk Lrj ij ifjdYiuk dh tkap dh tkrh gSA
lkaf[;dh; ifjdYiuk ijh{k.k esa nks izdkj osQ foHkze (Error) gks ldrs gSaA izFke izdkj dk foHkze og
gksrk gS tcfd ifjdYiuk lgh gksrs gq, Hkh mls xyrh ls vLohdkj dj fn;k tkrk gSA f}rh; izdkj
dk foHkze rc gksrk gS tc ifjdYiuk vlR; gksrh gS fiQj Hkh mls xyrh ls Lohdkj dj ysrs gSaA bu
foHkzeksa dks fuEu rkfydk ls izn£'kr fd;k tk ldrk gSμ

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