Page 9 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_ENGLISH

Unit–1: Meaning and Nature of Educational Technology

(3) Robert A. Cox, 1970—“Application of scientific process to man’s learning conditions called Notes

Educational Technology.”
(4) Dececco—“It is in the form of detailed application of the Psychology of learning to practical teaching
problems.”
(5) Robert M. Gagne—“Educational Technology can be understood as a mean for the development
of a set of systematic techniques and accompanying practical knowledge for designing testing and
operating schools as educational systems.”

(6) S. S. Kulkarni, 1966—“Educational Technology may be defined as the application of the laws as
well as recent discoveries of science and technology to the process of education.”

To comment on the above definitions is evident that all these definitions are unilateral. Some defi nitions
highlight an aspect of educational technology and some definitions highlight a different aspect. Thus,

the properties of these definitions is the lack of comprehensiveness.

1.3.2 Acceptable Definitions of Educational Technology

Definitions of Leith, Sakamato and Shiv K. Mitra may be classified in this category –
(1) G.O.M. Leith—“Educational Technology is the systematic application of scientifi c knowledge
about teaching learning and conditions of learning to improve the efficiency of teaching and

training.”
(2) Takshi Sakamato, 1971—“Educational Technology is an applied or practical study which aims at
maximising educational effect by controlling such relevant facts as educational purposes educational
environment, conduct of student, behaviour of instructors and interrelations between students and
instructors.”
(3) Shiv K. Mitra—“Educational Technology can be conceived as a science of techniques and methods
by which educational goals could be realized.”

1.3.3 Functional Definition of Educational Technology

E. E. Hadden’s definition is said to be functional. It includes both the fundamental and practical aspects
of educational technology.

Educational Technology is that branch of educational theory and practice concerned
primarily with the design and use of messages which control the learning process.

Based on the above definitions, we arrive at the following conclusions —
1. The basis of educational technology is science.
2. Educational technology studies the effect of science and technology upon education.
3. Practical aspects are important in educational technology.
4. Educational technology is a continuous progressive method.
5. Its goal is to improve the learning technique.
6. In the field of educational technology, psychology, engineering etc. are used.

7. In educational technology, systematic approach plays the main role.
8. Teacher, pupils and technical approaches are included in it.

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 3

29/07/13 10:22 PM
Educational Technology 3
Educational Technology 3 29/07/13 10:22 PM