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ftfdne seBhe

                     B'N       ikDekoh (Introduction)

                               seBheh dh T[g:'rsk nZi fdB^gqfsfdB tZXdh ik ojh j?.  ;z;ko dk jo d/P fJ; B{z ngBk
                               fojk j?.  Gkos d/P ftZu ftfdne seBheh dk gq:'r jkb/ pj[s finkdk g[okDk BjhA j?. Gkos
                               d/ ftfdne ;zdoG ftZu fJj ftPk j[D finkdk wjZstg{oD pDdk ik fojk j?.

                               e'mkoh ewhPB (1966) B/ nkgDh fJZe fNZgDh ftZu fejk j?, fgSb/ e[ZM ;kbK ftZu Gkos d/
                               ftfdnkfbnK ftZu iwks^nfXnB B{z fco s'A ihtB^dkB d/D iK T[; B{z nB[gqkfDs eoB dhnK
                               gqftXhnK s/ ekch fXnkB fdZsk frnk j?.  p[fBnkdh f;Zfynk dk gfjbk T[d/P gqkfJwoh ;e{bQk
                               d/ ;ko/ ihtB ns/ ekoiebkgK ftZu eqKshekoh gfotosB fbnkT[Dk ns/ pZu d/ wB, Poho ns/
                               nkswk dk ;otT[Zu ns/ u'sock ftek; eoBk ;h.  fJ; fdqPNh s'A th ftfdne seBheh dk
                               ngkDk wjZst nkgD/^nkg f;ZX j?.

                               ftfdne seBheh f;Zfynk f;XKsK dh irQk f;ybkJh f;XKsK B{z finkdk wjZst fdzd/ jB fi; d/
                               nXko s/ n;hA d/yd/ jK fe ftfdne seBheh nfXnkge s/ fe; soQK gqGkt SZvdh j?.

                               „ftfdne  seBheh‟  s/  nfXeko  oZyD  tkbh  f;ybkJh  nkgD/  ftfdnkoEhnK  d/  fttjkoK  dk
                               nfXnB eo ;edk j?.  seBheh d/ gq:'r Bkb nfXnkge ftfdnkoEhnK d/ iwks dk fttjko,
                               xo dk fttjko, y/v d/ w?dkB dk fttjko ns/ nkgD/ ;fjgkmh s/ d';sK d/ fttjko B{z mhe soQK
                               Bkb ikD ;edk j?.  id'A nfXnkge ftfndkoEh d/ fttjko B{z mhe soQK Bkb ikD b?Ad/ jB sK
                               T[; B{z ;wMD ftZu finkdk n;kBh j[zdh j?.  T[; d/ T[gozs ftfdnkoEh d/ fttjko ftZu io{oh
                               gfotosB ehsk ik ;edk j?.  n;hA efj ;ed/ jK fe seBheh d/ d[nkok nfXnkge nkgD/
                               ftfdnkoEhnK d/ fttjkoK dk nfXnB eo ;edk j?, ;wM ;edk ns/ T[; ftZu io{oh ;[Xko
                               fbnkT[D dk :sB eo ;edk j? fJ; bJh seBheh nfXnkge B{z fJ; gZy ftZu wip{sh gqdkB
                               eodh j?.




                                B'N;       nfXnkge B{z ftPk^t;s{ d/ Bkb^Bkb fttjko, nfXnB ns/ fttjko ;[Xko dhnK
                                         gqDkbhnK  dk  frnkB  th  j'Dk  ukjhdk  j?.    ftfdne  seBheh  fJ;  y/so  ftZu
                                         nfXnkge B{z ;woZE pDkT[Adh j?.


                               ftfdne seBheh nfXnkge B{z f;ybkJh gj[zuK, f;ybkJh Bhsh ouBktK ns/ f;ybkJh ftXhnK
                               d/ ftP/ ftZu ftfrnkBe frnkB gqdkB eodh j? ns/ nfXnkge dh j/m nB[;ko ;jkfJsk eodh
                               j?L

                               32H1 f;ybkJh gj[zuK d/ gq:'r ftZu ;jkfJe
                                    (Helpful in Use of Educational Approaches)
                               ftfdne seBheh d/ nXko s/ ftfdne f;ybkJh dhnK gj[zuK d/ ftZu G/d eo ;edk j? ns/
                               fJj d/y ;edk j? fe fe; go;fEsh ftZu fe; gj[zu dk gq:'r ehsk ik ;edk j? fit/A em'o,
                               e'wb iK gqDkbh ftPb/PD.

                               fJjBK d/ T[g:'r Bkb nfXnkgeK ns/ ftfdnkoEhnK d/ ;w/A, Pesh ns/ ;o'sK dk ;jh T[g:'r
                               eoB ftZu ;woZE j[zd/ jB.  xZN ;w/A ns/ xZN Pesh Bkb finkdk PeshPkbh f;ybkJh eoBh
                               fJjBK dh ftP/P ftP/Psk j?.

                               ;t?^w[bnzeD (Self Assessment)

                               ykbh ;EkB Go' (Fill in the blanks) :

                                 1H    fpBK XkoDk d/ f;Zfynk ns/ HHHHHHHHHHHHHH dh ebgBk BjhA ehsh ik ;edh.


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