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bdkbZ—9% jk"Vªh; Kku vk;ksx (2009)

• Hkkjrh; f'k{kk iz.kkyh osQ rgr Nk=kksa osQ KkuktZu rFkk f'k{kk esa xq.koÙkk ykus osQ fy, Jh lSe fi=kksnk dh uksV
vè;{krk esa iz/kuea=kh MkW- eueksgu ¯lg }kjk twu] 2009 esa jk"Vªh; Kku vk;ksx dk xBu fd;kA
• f'k{kk rFkk Kku }kjk gh ns'k osQ ukxfjdksa dks bl ;ksX; cuk;k tk ldrk gS] ftlls ns'k dh lkekftd&vk£Fkd
leL;kvksa dk funku fd;k tk ldrk gSA
• f'k{kk rFkk Kku }kjk gh ns'k osQ ukxfjdksa dks bl ;ksX; cuk;k tk ldrk gS ftlls ns'k dh
lkekftd&vk£Fkd leL;kvksa dk funku fd;k tk losQA jk"Vªh; Kku vk;ksx f'k{kk {ks=k osQ iqu#RFkku osQ
fy, dk;Z djrk gSA ;g fo|ky;h f'k{kk] mPp f'k{kk] O;kolkf;d f'k{kk vkfn {ks=kksa esa f'k{kk osQ fodkl
osQ fy, dk;Z djrk gSA

• jk"Vªh; Kku vk;ksx fo|ky;h f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk esa lq/kj ykus osQ fy, cgqr&lh dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu
djrk gS rFkk f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk] ek=kk rFkk mldh fo|ky;h f'k{kk dh miyC/rk esa lekt dh Hkkxhnkjh
dk iw.kZ mi;ksx djrk gSA

• jk‘ªh; Kku vk;ksx us f'k{kk osQ vf/dkj dks dkuwuh :i ls iwjs ns'k esa ykxw djus dk dk;Z fd;k rFkk d{kk
X rd f'k{kk osQ lkoZ=khdj.k osQ fy, dk;Zc¼ gSA
• tula[;k o`f¼ osQ dkj.k tehu dh deh gks xbZ gS ftlls u rks fo|ky;ksa dk fuekZ.k gks ik jgk gS] rFkk
u gh igys ls LFkkfir fo|ky;ksa esa [ksy osQ eSnkuksa rFkk vU; LowQyh xfrfof/;ksa osQ fy, Hkwfe i;kZIr :i
ls izkIr gks jgh gSA jk"Vªh; Kku vk;ksx blosQ fy, iz;kljr gSA

9-6 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

• iqu#RFkkuμiqu% mBkus dk dk;Zμiru vFkok fxjkoV osQ ckn fiQj ls fdlh Hkh oLrq vFkok ?kVuk dk
mRd"kZ iqu#RFkku dgykrk gSA
• ijke'kZμlykgA

9-7 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)

1. jk"Vªh; Kku vk;ksx D;k gS\ le>kb;sA
2. jk"Vªh; Kku vk;ksx osQ mn~ns'; D;k gSa\
3. jk"Vªh; Kku vk;ksx osQ fofHkUu dk;ks± dk mYys[k dhft,A
4. jk"Vªh; Kku vk;ksx osQ lanHkZ esa f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk rFkk izca/u osQ fo"k; esa le>kb;sA
mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self Assessment)

(i) lSe fi=kksnk (ii) jk"Vªh; Kku vk;ksx (iii) f'k{kk

9-8 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)

1. vè;kid f'k{kkμ,u- vkj- lDlsuk] ch- osQ feJk] vkj- osQ- eksgUrh_ fou; j[kstk ifCy'klZ] jkt
fizUVlZ (;w-ih-)
2. i;kZoj.k vè;;uμMk- c`tfoykl ik.Ms;_ izdk'ku osQUnz y[kuÅA
3. Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dk fodklμizks- lqjs'k HkVukxj] MkW- lat; oqQekj_ fou; j[kstk ifCy'klZ]
(;w-ih-)A
4. 'kSf{kd rduhdh osQ ewy rRo ,oa izca/uμMkW- ,l- osQ- eaxy] Jherh 'kqHkzk eaxy_ b.Vjus'kuy
ifCy¯'kx gkml (;w-ih-)A

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