Page 257 - DEDU501_DEVELOPMENT_OF_EDUCATION_SYSTEM_HINDI

'kSf{kd O;oLFkk dk fodkl

uksV vfHkfoU;kl ikB~;Øe osQ vk;kstu dh vof/ pkj ls N% fnol rd gksrh gSA bl vof/ dk fu/kZj.k fo|k£Fk;ksa
dh vko';drkuqlkj ?kV&c<+ ldrh gSA bl leLr dk;ZØe dk ikB~;Øe vfxze :i ls rS;kj djosQ Nk=kksa ,oa
vè;kidksa osQ eè; forfjr dj fn;k tkrk gSA ;g dk;ZØe Nk=kksa osQ usr`Ro esa lkewfgd fopkj&foe'kZ ,oa fopkjksa
osQ vknku&iznku }kjk lEi gksrk gSA
i=kkpkj&ikB~;Øe (Correspondence Courses)
vkt fo'o osQ vusd ns'kksa esa i=kkpkj ikB~;Øe dk fofHk O;olkf;d lewgksa }kjk liQyrkiwoZd iz;ksx fd;k tk
jgk gSA fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ns'k dk igyk fo'ofo|ky; gS ftls i=kkpkj ikB~;Øe dk 'kqHkkjEHk djus dk xkSjo
izkIr gSA jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqlU/ku ,oa izf'k{k.k ifj"kn us fo'ks"kKksa dk ,d vè;;u lewg cuk;k ftlus lu~ 1964
esa izf'k{k.k fo|ky;ksa esa i=kkpkj ikB~;Øe vkjEHk djus dh laLrqfr dhA ns'k osQ pkj f'k{kk egkfo|ky;ksa rFkk osQfUnzr
f'k{kk laLFkku fnYyh us i=kkpkj ikB~;Øe osQ iz;ksx dk lkgfld dk;Z vius gkFkksa esa fy[kk gSS] ftlesa nks xzh"edkyhu
ikB~;Øe j[ks x, ftudh vof/ nks ekg dh j[kh x;hA
fØ;kRed vuqlU/ku (Action Research)

fo|ky;ksa f'k{kk osQ fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa xq.kkRed lq/kj osQ fy;s fØ;kRed vuqlU/ku cgqr ykHknk;d fl¼ gqvk gSA
¶/kjokM+¸ fo'ofo|ky; osQ f'k{kk foHkkx us Nk=k vè;kidksa osQ ikB~;oLrq osQ Kku esa lq/kj gsrq rFkk mudh orZeku
vè;kiu {kerkvksa dks vkSj vf/d c<+kus gsrq ,d vxzxkeh vè;;u fd;k] ftl osQ oqQN fu"d"kZ v/ksfyf[kr gSaμ
(i) Nk=k vè;kidksa osQ ikB~;oLrq osQ Kku esa lq/kj osQ fy;s vYidkyhu fopkjxks"Bh] okn&fookn rFkk dk;Z'kkyk

lgk;d fl¼ gksaxsA
(ii) izf'k{kk£Fk;ksa dks f'k{k.k fof/;ksa ls ifjfpr djkuk ,oa dkS'kyksa osQ izn'kZu rFkk vkjEHk esa iqujkH;kl muosQ
f'k{k.k dkS'ky esa mruk lq/kj ugha yk ikrs ftruk fd lkekU; vH;klA
(iii) vkReewY;kafdr ijh{k.kksa ls izkIr rF;ksa }kjk ;g fu"d"kZ fudyk fd bu fof/;ksa }kjk ldkjkRed vfHko`f¼
fodflr dh tk ldrh gSA

lw{e f'k{k.k (Micro-Teaching)

,syu ,oa bZo (1968) osQ vuqlkj lw{e f'k{k.k esa fof'k"V O;ogkj ij è;ku osQfUnzr fd;k tkrk gS] rFkk fu;fU=kr
n'kkvksa esa f'k{k.k dk vH;kl fd;k tkrk gSA ,d le; esa ,d gh dkS'ky esa fuiq.krk izkIr dh tkrh gSSA lw{e
f'k{k.k okLrfod fLFkfr;ksa esa d{kk f'k{k.k gSA blls d{kk dk vkdkj] ikB dh yEckbZ rFkk f'k{k.k dkS'ky lhfer
gksrs gSaA
vè;kid izf'k{k.k esa iz;ksx djus ij lw{e f'k{k.k dks d{kk f'k{k.k dk y?kq :i dgk tkrk gSA ;g ,d ljyhÑr
fu;fU=kr vH;kl gS ftlesa rhu ls iUnzg feuV rd dk le; gksrk gS] vkSj d{kk esa rhu ls nl Nk=k gksrs gSaA ;gk¡
Nk=k okLrfod d{kk esa gksrs gSa] f'k{k.k okLrfod gksrk gS ysfdu ifjos'k lajfpr gksrk gSA blesa vxzfyf[kr lksikuksa
dk vuqdj.k fd;k tkrk gSaμ
(i) f'k{k.k&ikB~;oLrq dh y?kq bdkbZ dk vYidky esa NksVh d{kk esa f'k{k.kA
(ii) ppkZ&lq/kj osQ fy, lq>koA
(iii) mlh ikB bdkbZ dk nwljs y?kq lewgksa ij iqu£'k{k.kA
(iv) tc rd fd okafNr O;ogkj izkIr ugha gks tkrs ppkZ&miyfC/;ksa osQ inksa esa iqulZq>koA

lw{e f'k{k.k osQ ykHk
(i) ljyrkμ;g ,d ljy mikxe gSA bl fo'ks"krk osQ dkj.k bls ?kVd dkS'ky mikxe osQ uke ls Hkh tkurs gSaA

(ii) lqfo/k;qDr ,oa fu;fU=kr vuqlU/ku ;U=kμ;g ,d lqfo/kiw.kZ vuqla/ku ;a=k gS] ftlesa okafNr ewy rÙoksa
dks bPNkuqlkj lek;ksftr fd;k tk ldrk gS] nwljs rRoksa dh Hkkafr bl pj dks fu;fU=kr Hkh fd;k tk ldrk
gS] vkSj mls lw{e f'k{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk esa iqu% mRi fd;k tk ldrk gSA

250 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY