Page 99 - DEDU501_DEVELOPMENT_OF_EDUCATION_SYSTEM_HINDI

'kSf{kd O;oLFkk dk fodkl

uksV fd;k tk;sxkA ;g ,d vksj ckydksa dks fodflr djsxk rks nwljh vksj izkFkfed f'k{kk osQ fy;s mUgsa rS;kj djuk
gksxkA ;g rS;kjh lkekU; :i ls ekuo lalkèku fodkl osQ fy;s gksxhA bl voLFkk esa lkrR; esa fo|ky;h LokLF;
dk;ZØe dks Hkh 'kfDr'kkyh cuk;k tk;sxkA
izkFkfed f'k{kk

izkFkfed f'k{kk esa bl uohu n[ky ls nks ckrksa ij cy fn;k tk;sxkμ
(i) lkoZHkkSe izos'k ,oa lkoZHkkSe izfrèkkj.k (Retention) (14 o"kZ dh vk;q rd)A
(ii) f'k{kk esa okafNr ek=kk esa xq.kkRed lqèkkjA

cky osQfUnzr vfèkxeu
ckyd dh vko';drkvksa ij lHkh i{kksa dk è;ku osQfUnzr djus okyk izksRlkfgr] Lokxr ;ksX; ,oa rjksrktk vfèkxe
;g gS fd ckydksa dks fo|ky; esa tkus vkSj lh[kus osQ fy;s vfHkizsfjr fd;k tk;sA izkFkfed Lrj ij cky osQfUnzr]
fØ;k vkèkkfjr dk;ZØe] f'k{kk gsrq viukuk pkfg;sA igyh ih<+h osQ lh[kus okyksa dks viuh xfr dk fuèkkZj.k lgk;d
funkukRedlkexzh }kjk Lo;a djuk gSA ckyd osQ fodkl osQ lkFk&lkFk KkukRed vfèkxe esa o`f¼ dh tk;sxh vkSj
vH;kl osQ }kjk dkS'kyksa dk laxBu fd;k tk;sxkA izkFkfed Lrj ij vuqÙkh.kZ djus dh uhfr ugha viukbZ tk;sxhA
ewY;kadu dks ;FkklEHko vkSlr ij vkèkkfjr ugha j[kk tk;sxkA f'k{kk iz.kkyh osQ 'kkjhfjd n.M iw.kZr% lekIr fd;k
tk;sxkA ckydksa dks lqfoèkk osQ vuqlkj vodk'k rFkk fo|ky; le; dk lek;kstu fd;k tk;sxkA

fo|ky;h lqfoèkk;sa
nks cM+s dejksa (lHkh ekSle esa mi;ksxh)] f[kykSus] ';keiV] uD'ks] pkV~lZ rFkk vU; 'kSf{kd&lkexzh ,oa vko';d
lqfoèkk;sa izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa nh tk;saxhA ;FkklEHko ,d fo|ky; esa nks f'k{kd gksaxs] ftuesa ,d efgyk gksxh]
Nk=kksa dh la[;k c<+us ij izR;sd d{kk osQ fy;s ,d f'k{kd dh O;oLFkk dh tk;sxhA ^vkWijs'ku CySd cksMZ& uked
,d izrhdkRed vkUnksyu ns'k osQ lHkh izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa osQ fodkl gsrq pyk;k tk;sxkA blesa ljdkj] LFkkuh;
fudk;] LoSfPNd laLFkk;sa rFkk O;fDr iwjh rjg ls layXu gksaxsA ,u- vkj- bZ- ih- rFkk vkj- ,y- bZ- th- iQ.M dk
izkFkfed mi;ksx fo|ky; Hkouksa dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA
vukSipkfjd f'k{kk

vuqÙkh.kZ ckydksa] fo|ky; u tkus okys ckydksa] dk;Z'khy ckyd&ckfydk;sa tks iwjs fnu fo|ky; ugha tk ldrs]
muosQ fy;s o`gn~ ,oa O;ofLFkr vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk dh tk;sxhA
vukSipkfjd f'k{kk osQUnzksa osQ 'kSf{kd okrkoj.k dks fodflr djus osQ fy;s vkèkqfud rduhdh lgk;rk dk iz;ksx
fd;k tk;sxkA leqnk; esa ls ;ksX; rFkk izfrHkk'kkyh O;fDr;ksa dk p;u f'k{kd osQ :i esa fd;k tk;sxkA muosQ izf'k{k.k
ij iwjk è;ku osQfUnzr fd;k tk;sxkA ;ksX;rkvksa dh vukSipkfjdrk dks f'k{kk osQ izokg esa yk;k tk;sxkA bl ckr dk
è;ku j[kk tk;sxk fd vukSipkfjd rFkk vkSipkfjd f'k{kk esa xq.kkRed vUrj u gksA
jk"Vªh; vkèkkjHkwr ikB~;Øe dks vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dk ikB~;Øe cuk;k tk;sxkA ;g ikB~;Øe Nk=k dh
vko';drk rFkk LFkkuh; okrkoj.k osQ vuqlkj gksxkA mPp dksfV dh f'k{k.k&lkexzh dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk;sxk
vkSj mls Nk=kksa dks fu%'kqYd fn;k tk;sxkA vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dk;ZØe lgHkkxh vfèkxe okrkoj.k tSls [ksy&owQn]
lkaLÑfrd dk;ZØe] Hkze.k vkfn iznku djsaxsA
vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dk vfèkdka'k dk;ZØe LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa rFkk iapk;r jkt laLFkkvksa }kjk fd;k tk;sxkA bu
laLFkkvksa dks i;kZIr èku le; ij miyCèk djk;k tk;sxkA ljdkj bl egRoiw.kZ {ks=k osQ fy;s lEiw.kZ nkf;Ro ogu
djsxhA

92 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY