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Guidance and Counseling

Notes (iv) ______ plays the role of interpreting the material for client in directive approach.

(a) Parents (b) Doctor (c) Teacher (d) Therapist
(v) ______ is concerned with formulating conclusions regarding the nature and the Course of
the problems exhibited by the student.
(a) Diagnosis (b) Prognosis (c) Synthesis (d) Analysis
13.6 Summary

• According to the (Directive psychoanalytic theory) the client is ignorant and unaware of the
reasons for his difficulties or suffering which are deeply embedded in the unconscious. The
client is, therefore, helpless and it is the therapist who has to play the role of interpreting
the material for him/her.
• The counselor employs varying degrees of direction to help the counselee to reach sound
solutions.
• According to Frederick Thorne, the proponent of this approach, the need for direction by
the counselor is inversely proportional to the individual counselee’s potentialities for self-
regulation. Though the basic responsibility for reaching the solution is primarily with the
counselor as the counseling proceeds.
• Counseling Steps: Directive counseling involves six stages. They are as follows :
(a) Analysis: This involves collecting from various sources the data needed for an adequate
understanding of the client. This include administration of psychological tests, etc.
(b) Synthesis: This refers to summarising and organising the data so obtained, as to reveal
the assets, liabilities, adjustments and maladjustments of the counsellee.
(c) Diagnosis: This stage is concerned with formulating conclusions regarding the nature and
the course of the problems exhibited by the student.
(d) Prognosis: This refers to predicting the future course of development of the counselee’s
problem in the light of conclusions as made earlier.
(e) Counseling: This is the most important and time consuming step in the whole process.

• There are six steps of effective counseling :
(i) Identify the problem. Make sure that you really know the problem. Analyze the forces
influencing the behaviour. Determine which of these forces you have control over and
which of the forces the employee has control over. Determine if the force has to be
modified, eliminated, or enforced.
(ii) Plan, coordinate, and organize the session. Determine the best time to conduct the session.
(iii) Conduct the session using sincerity, compassion, and kindness. This does not mean you
cannot be firm or in control.
• According to Willy, the following can be the basic assumptions of directive counseling :
(a) Competency in giving Advice
(b) Counseling as an intellectual process
(c) Counseling objectives as problem solving situation
(d) Client’s incapability of solving the process
• Advantages of Directive Counseling
(i) This method is useful from the time consuming view-point. It saves time.
(ii) In this type of counseling, there is more focus on the problem and the person.

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