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Guidance and Counseling

Notes (e) Counseling: This is the most important and time consuming step in the whole process. This
is where the expertise of the counselor is needed most. It is a highly personalised teaching
and learning process. It may be direct teaching through explicit explanations, assistance in
searching for relevant aptitudes, interests, etc. that illuminate the counselee’s problems and
so on. Sometimes the counselor listens in a friendly/encouraging way. It may also involve
practice sessions where with the warm support of the counselor the counselee acts out the
way he/she should. Thus he/she becomes his/her own teacher to the extend his/her
capabilities and circumstances permits. Success thus achieved reinforces and retains those
successful behaviours which in turn establishes an adjusted way of life.
Thus counseling involves (a) assisting the student in self-appraisal, i.e. identifying his/her
interests motives and capabilities (b) helping him/her to plan a course of action which
utilizes the capabilities and potentialities so identified and (c) finally in establishing an
adaptive life style.

To help the counselee appraise him/her-self two types of data are needed - self
perceived data and from external appraisal.

It evaluates expressions of the client. According to this view point the counseling interview. In
this, the counselor, asks a series of standardized questions. Each carries a short answer. The
counselor does not allow the development of expression and feelings. He leads as an expert,
evaluates and gives suggestion vice.

Directive Counselor-centered counseling revolves around the counselor. He tries to lit
good relations to the friendship and assistance. In this, the counselor is active and he
express his ideas and attitudes independently.

13.3. Steps of Effective Counseling

There are six steps of effective counseling :
(1) Identify the problem. Make sure that you really know the problem. Analyze the forces
influencing the behaviour. Determine which of these forces you have control over and
which of the forces the employee has control over. Determine if the force has to be modified,
eliminated, or enforced.
(2) Plan, coordinate, and organize the session. Determine the best time to conduct the session.
(3) Conduct the session using sincerity, compassion, and kindness. This does not mean you
cannot be firm or in control.
(4) During the session, determine what the employee believes causes the counter productive
behaviour and what will be required to change it.
(5) Try to maintain a sense of timing as to when to use directive or non-directive counseling.
(See below for definitions).
(6) Using all the facts, make a decision and/or a plan of action to correct the problem. If more
counseling in needed, set a firm date and time for the next session.

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