Page 289 - DEDU502_GUIDANCE_AND_COUNSELING_ENGLISH

Unit 26: Testing and Non-Testing Techniques: Psychological Tests

• What steps would you like to take to improve science teaching in your school ? Notes
Questions should be few in number and simple to be understood and answered. They should
directly cover the point of information.
This technique has its limitations. However it is very often used to obtain factual data.
Observation
This technique behaviour is studied through observation by a trained observer. The effectiveness of
the technique depends upon the skilfulness of the observer. The observer is expected to observe
well defined behaviours free from biases and prejudices.
Observational techniques are useful in the study of students and individuals but their usefulness
depends upon the manner and purpose with which they are conducted.
Sociometry
The purpose of this is to study the nature of social relationship of individual within a group. It
offers an opportunity to identify personality problems, especially in isolates and the rejects. The
technique is a useful source of information for appraisal of social behaviour of students.
There are usually three type of sociometric techniques : (i) the nomination (ii) the social acceptance
and (iii) the ‘who’s who’ or ‘guess who’. In the nomination techniques the student is asked to select
and name his/her peers in terms of some criterion suggested by the teacher. For example, the
teacher may ask students to name three best friends in the class. In the social acceptance technique
levels of social relationship are stated and the student is asked to express his/her sociometric choice.
In the ‘Guess who’ technique brief descriptions of various types of students are provided and they
are asked to guess who in the class matches with the description. For examples, one of the statements
may be ‘The boy is always in trouble with his parents’, who ?
The sociometric data is presented in the form of a sociogram which shows, attractions and repulsions
within a group and helps the teacher and the counsellor in discovering the problems of students in
relation to the group.

What is Sociometery ?

Self Assessment

2. Multiple choice Questions :
Choose the correct option.
(i) ____ is an introspective report of one’s own experiences.
(a) Autobiography (b) Rating scale
(c) Cumulative records (d) Anecdotal record
(ii) The recorded observations usually made by teachers are called ____ .
(a) Autobiography (b) Anecdotal records
(c) rating scale (d) Questionnair
(iii) The ____ presents a cumulative picture of the personality of the individual.
(a) Psychodiag nosis (b) Anecdotal records
(c) Case study (d) autobiography

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