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Guidance and Counseling

Notes If proper guidance programme is not introduced at the secondary stage in the choice of
studies and various vocations, the nation will remain poor and our youth will continue to be
frustrated and disgusted.
3. Personal/Psychological Needs: Today our youth is facing various types of personal problems
at home and in the school. Psychologically no two individuals are alike. They differ in various
aspects on account of the following three kinds of differences :
• Different stages of development
• Differences among persons
• Differences in opportunities made available to various persons.
It shows that all persons can not be fit for the same profession. Hence guidance programme is
needed in the school system. The following are the personal and psychological reasons for the
need of guidance :
(i) Guidance is the Basic Need of Man: Psychologically, no person on this earth is totally
independent. The individual needs help of one kind or the other from fellow beings to solve
their problems to lead a happy life.
(ii) Educational and Social Aspirations: In the present age of competition the aspirations of the
parents are very high. They want their wards to excel in all walks of life. They provide all
types of facilities so that the children can be able to get good jobs. To meet the high aspirations
of the parents, a well-organized guidance programme is needed to make them aware of the
potentialities of their children so that they take up right decision at the right time.
(iii) From the Point of View of the Developmental Needs: The individual passes from different
stages of development in the life such as infancy, childhood, adolescence and adulthood.
One needs different types of help to adjust with every stage. The adolescent period faces
many types of developmental problems. At this stage the proper guidance is to be provided
to the student to make right choice of his future.
(iv) Psychological Problems: Many students face emotional problems. These problems arise due
to frustrations, conflicts and tensions and other stresses and strains. It is essential to provide
guidance to the youth to solve their personal problems.
(v) Satisfactory Adjustment: Guidance is needed to help the pupils in making satisfactory
psychological adjustment with the environment. Lack of adjustment adversely affects their
physical and mental health.
(vi) Proper Development of Personality: The all round development of personality is the aim of
education, a well organized guidance programme is essential for the total development of
personality.
4. Social Needs: Following points highlight the Social Needs of Guidance :
(i) Complex Nature of Society: Industrialization is the slogan of the day. Our country is heading
towards industrialization, urbanization and modernization. Changed conditions of living
and a highly complex society with its demands have put the individual in constant social
and emotional tension. As such, it is highly desirable that school should provide some special
service that can look after the emotional and social needs of school going children.
(ii) Changed Family Contexts: The joint family system is disappearing rapidly and homes are
getting disintegrated. The changed family pattern has given rise to the various type of personal
problems. The proper guidance programme in the school is required to solve the personal
problems of the children.
(iii) Explosion of Population & Expansion in Human Resources: Our population has been
increasing rapidly. This calls for intensive and extensive guidance in the technique of
planning.

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